As huge amount of information is produced in medical associations (healing facilities, therapeutic focuses) yet this information is not properly utilized. The health care system is "data rich" however "knowledge poor ". There is an absence of successful analysis methods to find connections and patterns in health care data. Data mining methods can help as remedy in this circumstance. For this reason, different data mining techniques can be utilized. The paper intends to give details about various techniques of knowledge abstraction by using data mining methods that are being used in today's research for prediction of heart disease. In this paper, data mining methods namely, Naive Bayes, Neural network, Decision tree algorithm are analyzed on medical data sets using algorithms.

ABSTRACT:The submental route for endotracheal intubation is an alternative to nasal intubation or tracheostomy in the surgical management of patients with complex cranio-maxillofacial injuries. The critical indication for submental intubation is the requirement for intraoperative maxillamandibular fixation (MMF) in the presence of injuries that preclude nasal intubation and in a situation where a tracheostomy is not otherwise required. MMF to re-establish dental occlusion is essential for a normal functional result in dentate patients with fractures involving alveolar segments of the jaws. However, MMF precludes orotracheal intubation. Nasotracheal intubation is often used but is contraindicated in the presence of skull base fractures and will interfere with the access to certain fracture types. A tracheostomy has a high potential complication rate and in many patients, an alternative to the oral airway is not required beyond the perioperative period. Submental intubation is a simple and useful technique with low morbidity in selected cases of cranio-maxillofacial trauma.

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OBJECTIVEA comparative study to evaluate the efficacy of dexmedetomidine as a hypotensive agent in comparison to esmolol in Spine surgeries. METHODS60 patients ASA I or II scheduled for routine spine surgeries were equally randomly assigned to receive either dexmedetomidine or esmolol. In DEX group, patients received loading dose of 1 μg/kg dexmedetomidine diluted in 10 mL 0.9% saline infused over 10 min. before induction of anaesthesia, followed by continuous infusion of 0.5 μg/kg/h. In E group, patients received esmolol as a loading dose 1 mg/kg as 10 mL total vol. in saline infused over 1 min. followed by continuous infusion of 0.5 mg/kg/h. In both groups, aim was to maintain MAP within 55-65 mmHg. All patients were premedicated with IV glycopyrrolate 5 μg/Kg, IV midazolam 0.05 mg/kg and fentanyl 2 μg/kg. Patients received standard anaesthetic technique with propofol 2 mg/kg. Anaesthesia was maintained with O2, N2O, sevoflurane at 2 MAC and atracurium 0.1 mg/kg. Surgical field was assessed using Average Category Scale and average blood loss was calculated. Hemodynamic variables (MAP and HR); intraoperative fentanyl consumption; Emergence time and total recovery from anaesthesia (Aldrete score ≥9) were recorded. Sedation score was determined at 15, 30, 60 min. after tracheal extubation and time to first analgesic request was recorded. RESULTSBoth DEX group and E group reached the desired MAP (55-65 mmHg) with no intergroup differences in MAP or HR. The average category scale for quality of the surgical field in the range of MAP (55-65 mmHg) were <=2 with no significant differences between group scores during hypotensive period. The induction propofol dose was significantly lower in DEX group than E group (1.63±0.19 mg/kg) versus (2.00±0.05 mg/kg) respectively (P<0.000). Baseline values of MAP and HR were comparable in both groups. Mean intraoperative fentanyl consumption in DEX group was significantly less than E group (21.67±22.75 µg vs 77.17±27.85 µg). Emergence time and time to achieve ≥9 modified. Aldrete scores were significantly shorter in E group than DEX group .4.37±0.92 min. and 9.47±1.61 min. versus 8.5±1.9 min. and 4.95±1.24 min. (P<0.001). Incidence of intraoperative hypotension and bradycardia were seen in Esmolol group in 3.33 % cases. CONCLUSIONBoth dexmedetomidine and esmolol with sevoflurane are safe agents for controlled hypotension and are effective in providing ideal surgical field during spine surgeries. Compared with esmolol, dexmedetomidine offers the advantage of inherent analgesic, sedative and reduces dose of inducing agent.