Chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods were developed according to Quality by Design (QbD) approach as per ICH Q8(R2) guidelines for estimation of propafenone hydrochloride in tablet dosage form. QbD approach was carried out by varying various parameters and these variable parameters were designed into Ishikawa diagram. The critical parameters were determined by using principal component analysis as well as by observation. Estimated critical parameters in HPTLC method include solvent methanol, mode of detection absorbance, precoated aluminium backed TLC plate (10 cm 10 cm), wavelength: 250 nm, saturation time: 20 min, band length: 8 mm, solvent front: 70 mm, volume of mobile phase: 5 mL, type of chamber: 10 cm 10 cm, scanning time: 10 min, and mobile phase methanol : ethyl acetate : triethylamine (1.5 : 3.5 : 0.4 v/v/v). Estimated critical parameters in zero order spectrophotometric method were solvent methanol, sample preparation tablet, wavelength: 247.4 nm, slit width: 1.0, scan speed medium, and sampling interval: 0.2, and for first order derivative spectrophotometric method it was scaling factor: 5 and delta lambda 4. The above methods were validated according to ICH Q2(R1) guidelines. Proposed methods can be used for routine analysis of propafenone hydrochloride in tablet dosage form as they were found to be robust and specific.

Two UV-spectrophotometric methods have been developed and validated for simultaneous estimation of valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide in a tablet dosage form. The first method employed solving of simultaneous equations based on the measurement of absorbance at two wavelengths, 249.4 nm and 272.6 nm, max for valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide, respectively. The second method was absorbance ratio method, which involves formation of Q-absorbance equation at 258.4 nm (isoabsorptive point) and also at 272.6 nm ( max of hydrochlorothiazide). The methods were found to be linear between the range of 5-30 g/mL for valsartan and 4-24 g/mL for hydrochlorothiazide using 0.1 N NaOH as solvent. The mean percentage recovery was found to be 100.20% and 100.19% for the simultaneous equation method and 98.56% and 97.96% for the absorbance ratio method, for valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide, respectively, at three different levels of standard additions. The precision (intraday, interday) of methods was found within limits (RSD < 2%). It could be concluded from the results obtained in the present investigation that the two methods for simultaneous estimation of valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide in tablet dosage form are simple, rapid, accurate, precise and economical and can be used, successfully, in the quality control of pharmaceutical formulations and other routine laboratory analysis.

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West Khandesh region of Maharashtra was targeted areas for ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used by tribes in the management of liver diseases and simultaneously documentation was made on information. Field of area is densely occupied by various tribes communities like Pawara, Kokani, Bhils, Mavach, Vasave etc. Ethnobotanical survey was carried out after interviewed numbers of different age group traditional healers. It is cleared that, they have huge knowledge of medicinal plants, number of plants, method of preparations and their vernacular names as well as local names, for management of liver diseases. Tribals are strongly believed and have a strong faith on the treatment of medicinal plants by traditional healers. Traditional healers have been diagnosing and treating their patient in number of ways like skin color of patient, voice and tongue condition, herbal medicines are given in different forms to patient. Thirty numbers of plants belong to Rubiaceae, Mimosaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Acanthaceae, Cucurbitaceae and Convolvulaceae families are used by traditional healers in the management of liver disorders.