The contribution of health systems to health is commonly assessed using levels of amenable mortality. Few such studies exist for Poland, with analyses of within-the-country patterns being particularly scarce. The aim of this paper is to analyse differences in amenable mortality levels and trends across Poland’s regions using the most recent data and to gain a more nuanced understanding of these differences and possible reasons behind them. This can inform future health policy decisions, particularly when it comes to efforts to improve health system performance. We used national and regional mortality data to construct amenable mortality rates between 2002 and 2019. We found that the initially observed decline in amenable mortality stagnated between 2014 and 2019, something not seen elsewhere in Europe. The main driver behind this trend is the change in ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality. However, we also found that there is a systematic underreporting of IHD as a cause of death in Poland in favour of heart failure, which makes analysis of health system performance using amenable mortality as an indicator less reliable. We also found substantial geographical differences in amenable mortality levels and trends across Poland, which ranged from −3.3% to +8.1% across the regions in 2014–2019. These are much bigger than variations in total mortality trends, ranging from −1.5% to −0.2% in the same period, which suggests that quality of care across regions varies substantially, although some of this effect is also a coding artefact. This means that interpretation of health system performance indicators is not straightforward and may prevent implementation of policies that are needed to improve population health.

tendencje rozwojowe w oBszarach polskich portów morskich z uwzGlędnieniem tranzytu StreszczenieGospodarka portowa jest przedmiotem systematycznych zmian będących efektem postępujących zjawisk globalizacji, offshoringu, globalnych łańcuchów wartości, rozwoju konteneryzacji, wymuszających procesy dostosowawcze. Celem artykułu jest ocena zmian zachodzących w polskich portach z perspektywy ich funkcji związanych z udziałem w tranzycie. W artykule zaprezentowano wieloletnie szeregi czasowe -oparte na oficjalnych materiałach statystycznych -przedstawiające wielkości obrotów ładunkowych w polskich portach morskich z uwzględnieniem ilości ładunków przemieszczanych w tranzycie. Analiza danych statystycznych może stanowić materiał do formułowania ocen roli portów morskich w łańcuchach transportowych przechodzących przez Polskę.

Contemporary society often referred to as information society is subject to changes in the social, economic and technological spheres. The dynamic development and diffusion of modern information and communication technologies leads to significant diversity in terms of usage of ICTs by households and individuals, as well as their digital competencies and skills. The aim of the study was to assess the use of digital technology in the society and to analyze the digital divide, which in case of Poland turns out to be mostly related to the age, educational level, place of residence or income. The author analyzes various types of digital activity and indicates the level of their differentiation.

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The main source of data on the labour market are sets of the official statistics. The aim of the article is to analyze the availability of the data used in forecasting: supply and demand of labour by occupation, the number of graduates by occupation, variables related to unemployment, as well as diagnosing demand for qualifications and skills at the local and regional labour markets. The analysis was conducted on the example of a system devised for the Zachodniopomorskie voivodship. A system of monitoring indicators was built for this very province.