The aim of this research was determination of the content of phenols and flavonoids as bioactive compounds in aqueous and ethanolic extracts of three species of mushrooms: Suillus granulatus, Coriolus versicolor, and Fuscoporia torulosa. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of obtained mushroom extracts was determined. In general, it can be noticed that the phenol content in the three examined macromycetes is higher in the aqueous extract, compared to the ethanolic extract, which shows significant difference (p < .05). The order of antioxidant capacity of aqueous extracts in terms of their DPPH radical‐scavenging activity is: Fuscoporia torulosa > Coriolus versicolor > Suillus granulatus, that is, 38.08%–82.64% >38.04%–80.66% >35.99%–75.25%. The aqueous extract of Fuscoporia torulosa belongs to the group of antioxidants with strong antioxidant activity (1.71), while the aqueous extract of Coriolus versicolor belongs to the group of antioxidants with moderate antioxidant activity (0.92). Novelty impact statement The data from this research are of particular importance in terms of finding new, wild species of medicinal and edible mushrooms that contain bioactive components. The antioxidant potential proven in the analyzed mushroom extracts shows that they can be used in the food industry as a substitute for synthetic antioxidant compounds. At the same time, the extract can be a basis for use in alternative medicine.

Research Question: What is the association between the choice of contemporary cost management methods and enterprise and employee characteristics? Motivation: Modern techniques of cost accounting assist strategic management of contemporary organization to achieve their strategic objectives. External

The aim of this paper is to monitor the influence of two starter cultures on the microbiological stability of Macedonian traditional sausage. The research covered three variants: Control variant; Variant 2: with addition of starter culture CS-300; Variant 3: with addition of starter cultures CS-300 and BLC-78. The total bacteria count and Lactobacillus sp. in all three variants decreases compared to the initial value. There is no presence of Escherichia coli and Enterobacteriaceae.Starter culture CS-300 is recommended, while better stability of the microflora is achieved during the storage period, as well as a good quality. At the same time, the use of nitrite salt is eliminated, which results in getting a safe product.

Microorganisms in the soil have a very important role because they participate in numerous processes. Intensive and/or inadequate use of the soil leads to disturbance of the plant -microbial interactions, a decline in productivity, and degradation. The abundance and microbiological activity of a certain ecosystem are considered indicators of soil fertility. In this paper, surface (0-20 cm) and subsurface (20-40 cm) samples of grassland, agricultural soil, forest soil and coal-mine-affected soil at the Banovići municipality (Tuzla Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina) taken in October 2021 and April 2022 were used for chemical and microbiological characterization. Chemical analyses were performed using the standard methodology, while the microbial count was determined using the agar plate method. Enzyme production was expressed through dehydrogenase activity. The lowest pH value was recorded in forest soil, while the highest in the grassland. In all samples, microbial abundance decreased with increasing soil depth. The lowest microbial activity was observed in coal mine-affected soil. The highest value of the total number of bacteria and ammonifiers was recorded in forest soil. Oligonitrophiles were most abundant in agricultural soil, while the number of actinomycetes was highest in grassland. Dehydrogenase activity was highest in forest and agricultural soil. In most of samples, microbial abundance was higher in spring, while dehydrogenase activity was higher in autumn. This research confirms the impact of land use on microbial abundance as parameter of soil quality.

Food spoilage is phenomenon associated with occurence of the microorganisms in agricultural products. Due to the ability of several microorganisms to colonize plant material, agrochemicals were proposed to suppress bacterial growth. However, overuse of agrochemicals has detrimental impact on environmental quality. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the potential of aqueous extracts of garlic (Allium sativum L.), wild garlic (Allium ursinum L.), and chives (Allium schoenoprasum L.) to suppress the growth of Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli. The antimicrobial activity of these plant extracts was determined using the disc diffusion method. Mueller-Hinton agar was inoculated with bacterial inoculum; six filter paper disks, impregnated with 15 μl aqueous extract (1, 2 and 4%), were placed on each agar surface. The Petri dishes were incubated at 37 °C for 24 hours. The diameter of the zone of inhibition was measured and expressed in millimeters (mm). Almost all aqueous extracts showed a negligible effect on the growth of E. coli and E. faecalis. Significant suppression of bacterial growth compared with other treatments was observed with the aqueous extract of wild garlic at a concentration of 4%. This research confirms the potential of wild garlic extract in suppression of potential pathogens.