Tobacco smoking and chewing is a significant contributing factor of periodontal health. Tobacco consumption increases the probability of periodontal disease by affecting the periodontal attachment, pocket formation as well as bone loss. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of tobacco consumption and its relationship with periodontal health. This is a cross-sectional study of 169 participants chosen from an urban population with an age distribution from 15 to 65 years. Among the study population, 130 were males and 39 were females with the data collected and analyzed by SPSS version 16. The study revealed a significant relationship between the use of tobacco and gingival index, the plaque index, and the community periodontal index of treatment needs. According to the results, there was a high correlation between intake of tobacco and the gingival score.

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Objective: Oral pathological findings are often associated with diabetes mellitus. The aim of the study was to assess the frequency of oral findings among diabetic patients of both genders. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted from February 2017 to November 2017 at Bahria University Dental Hospital & Mamji Hospital, Karachi. A total of 363 diagnosed patients of diabetes mellitus were selected for the study. A questionnaire was designed and oral clinical examination was performed. The collected data was analyzed by using SPSS version 23. Results: A total number of 363 diagnosed patients of diabetes mellitus were included in the study. Among these 187 (51.52%) were male and 176 (48.48%) were female. The overall oral mucosal findings were predominantly present in male diabetic patients as compared to females. Conclusion: The result of this study showed a high prevalence of oral pathological findings in diabetic patients