A novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacterium, designated RI148-Li105 T , was isolated from a lichen sample from Rishiri Island, Japan, and its taxonomic position was investigated by a polyphasic approach. 16S rRNA gene sequencing study indicated that strain RI148-Li105 T was related to the type strain of Luteimicrobium subarcticum, with a similarity of 97.8%. Cells of strain RI148-Li105 T exhibited a rod-coccus cycle. The diagnostic cell-wall diamino acid of this organism was lysine and the peptidoglycan type was found to be A4a. The predominant menaquinones were MK-8(H 2 ) and MK-9(H 2 ), and the major fatty acids were iso-C 16:0 , C 17:1 x9c and C 17:0 . The DNA G þ C content was 73.6 mol%. The major phenotypic characteristics of strain RI148-Li105 T basically corresponded to those of the genus Luteimicrobium excluding the fatty acid composition. These results suggest that strain RI148-Li105 T should be affiliated with the genus Luteimicrobium. Meanwhile, DNA-DNA hybridization and some phenotypic characteristics revealed that the strain differs from L. subarcticum. Therefore, strain RI148-Li105 T represents a novel species of the genus Luteimicrobium, for which the name Luteimicrobium album sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Luteimicrobium album is RI148-Li105 T ( ¼ NBRC 106348 T ¼ DSM 24866 T ).

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A mesophilic, Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming bacterium that formed branched mycelia was isolated from paddy soil in Gunung Salak (Mount Salak), West Java, Indonesia. This strain, designated S-27T, grew at temperatures between 20 and 37 °C; the optimum growth temperature was 25 to 30 °C, and no growth was observed at 15 or 45 °C. The pH range for growth was pH 3.5 to 8.6; the optimum pH was 6.0, and no growth was observed at pH 3.0 or 9.2. Strain S-27T was able to hydrolyse polysaccharides such as starch, cellulose and xylan. The G+C content of the DNA of strain S-27T was 55.7 mol%. The major fatty acids were iso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 1 2-OH, and the major menaquinone was MK-9 (H2). The cell wall of strain S-27T contained d-glutamic acid, glycine, l-alanine, d-alanine, l-ornithine and β-alanine in a molar ratio of 1.0 : 1.6 : 1.4 : 0.6 : 0.9 : 1.1. The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and two glycolipids. The major cell-wall sugar was arabinose. Detailed phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain S-27T belongs to the order Ktedonobacterales and is most closely related to Ktedonobacter racemifer SOSP1-21T (89.6 % sequence identity). On the basis of its chemotaxonomic and phenotypic features and phylogenetic position, we concluded that strain S-27T represents a novel genus and species, for which we propose the name Dictyobacter aurantiacus gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of Dictyobacter aurantiacus is strain S-27T (=NBRC 109595T=InaCC B312T). Emendation of the description of the genus Thermosporothrix is also provided.