In this chapter, we examine how music/teacher education is represented on the websites of four Norwegian institutions that offer diverse kinds of music/teacher education at the BA, MA, and PhD levels and that offer qualifications for all types of music teaching professions in Norway. These four cases serve as examples of the main traditions of music/teacher educations in the Nordic area, with distinctive differences in their notions of music, pedagogy, professional orientation, and research. The analysis is theoretically grounded in Foucault’s concepts of power/knowledge and governmentality. The findings suggest, on the one hand, considerable variations among the institutions and, on the other hand, similarities in how the representations operate in a range of steering techniques in the ways that these education programs, orientations, groups, and individuals are portrayed. The concluding discussion questions the power/knowledge constructions that provide authority to the dominating discourses, critically pointing to some effects that diverse representations might have for positions, ambitions, and individuals. Getting the diverse communities of music/teacher educations to communicate seems imperative to evolve more reflexive, conscious, and participative music/teacher education programs in the 21st century.

This article presents results from a quantitative study of Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) student teacher’s relationship to music and musicality. Survey data was collected among first-year students at a university college for ECEC at the start of studies in 2013, 2014, 2015 and 2017. The survey consists in its entirety of ten different questions. This article discusses four questions from the survey that deal with the students’ perception of their own musicality and what it means to be musical. 1,019 responses have been registered, which gives a response rate of approximately 91% of the total number of students in the four study years the survey was conducted. Frequency analyzes and cross-table analyzes have been performed. Results show that perceptions of one’s own musicality can be put in context with different understandings of what it means to be musical. Musical activity in close family in childhood is important when it comes to musical interest and perception of one’s own musicality. The article discusses the significance of the results in relation to music teaching in higher education.

A subsea well will experience external loading during drilling operations that can lead to the development of a fatigue fracture in the primary load bearing structural members of the upper well construction. Such a fatigue fracture can occur at several fatigue hotspots which all are located in the upper part of a subsea well. There are two main load sharing structural members; the outer tubular string named the conductor (structural) casing and the next tubular string named the surface casing. Both these strings have a circumferential load bearing weld close to the top. The load sharing between these 2 tubular strings are affected by the supported weight from further tubular strings placed inside the well. This paper discusses the residual ultimate load capacity of a typical North Sea subsea well assuming that a fatigue fracture has developed. The discussion is based on FEM analysis results where a fully developed fatigue fracture has been introduced to the analytical model of a typical well either to the conductor part of the well or to the surface casing string. Then the residual ultimate load capacity is evaluated assuming a fully developed fatigue fracture. Evaluations presented herein can be important and necessary tools in considering the consequences of a possible fatigue failure of a subsea well. A reduction in ultimate load capacity due to a fatigue fracture may reduce the safety margin should an accidental or extreme loading occur. The results indicate that the location of the potential fatigue failure is important when assessing the residual ultimate load capacity. If the factored fatigue life of a subsea well is approaching its limit the presence of a fatigue fracture should be assumed. The most prudent approach would then be to perform a permanent P&A operation of the well. Planning of such operations should comprehend the possibility of reduced structural capacity of the well due to a fatigue fracture. This paper also discusses the results in an operational context. The applied methodology is outlined and illustrative results are presented from a typical North Sea well.

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Operators in the North Sea have recently strengthened their efforts in documenting the integrity of subsea wellhead systems. As a part of this effort, fatigue damage estimation of subsea wells in service has been performed. Fatigue damage estimation on subsea wells due to drilling riser dynamic loads was carried out by the use of analytical model results. The applied analytical methodology is based on a decoupled approach, where global load analyses and local stress calculations are carried out prior to a SN based fatigue accumulation. Applying such methodology on safety critical systems the analytical philosophy should ensure conservative fatigue damage. For cases where the fatigue calculations returned unfavorable estimates, one corrective action has been to measure the actual riser response and to monitor the development of fatigue damage closely. For this purpose a methodology for fatigue estimation based on measured riser response was needed. In this approach of estimating the fatigue damage, the global load analysis results are replaced by measured dynamic load time series. By combining direct riser response measurements with local stress calculations, a revised SN based fatigue accumulation can be performed. The fatigue damage derived from measured riser response is compared to the fatigue damage based only on analytical results. From this comparison the conservatism in the analysis methodology for the global riser response is shown to be significant. As this method relays on measurements, it will only yield historical fatigue damage and at best it can return updated fatigue capacity usage on the fly. Forecasting fatigue damage still have to be established based on global riser analyses results, resulting in a conservative forecast. This paper suggests an updated methodology using actual measured response to both asses fatigue damages of historical operations and forecast fatigue damages based on historic operations. By cycle counts of measured response time series (one hour response) a link between this cycle count and the coexistent significant wave height and spectral peak period can be established. This relationship between observed weather and measured response is representative for the rig and riser system on which the measurements were performed. Then forecast and measurements of the weather conditions can be used to estimate the historical damage and the future fatigue damage respectively. The paper will present results from the suggested approach by use of examples from a real North Sea well in shallow water.