This study is conducted for the purpose of examining the implementation levels of the Total Quality Management principles by the principals and teachers functioning at the elementary schools. The study is executed with 30 school principal and 300 teachers functioning at the public elementary schools in Adıyaman province. A questionnaire set up by the researchers after consulting to the expert opinion is used for data gathering. Data concerning the study is analyzed by using SPSS package software. At the end of the study, it was observed that the principals and teachers functioning at the elementary schools implement the Total Quality Management principles at their occupational studies. It is further determined that the teachers have higher implementation levels than the principals as regards such principles.

Öz

In order to understand a text or a book better and enhance the comprehension skills, a great number of strategies and methods is used in the process of reading. One of these is summarizing strategy that is employed after reading. Summarizing is the creation of a text corresponding to the original text on a small scale as its shorter form, by keeping the main theme and content of a text and through excluding less important information and details.The objective of this research made is to analyze the primary school fourth-grade students' summarizing skills. Summarizing skills have been analyzed in accordance with the subtitles that are shortening the outlined text and identifying the essential information, and writing title for the text summarized. The research was carried out with the participation of 247 students, in the center of Kırıkkale province in the academic year 2016-2017. Within the scope of study, “Interview Form Related to Summarization for the Primary School 4th-Grade Students”, “Summarizing Strategies Scoring Scale” and a narrative text have been used. 173 of students participated in the research have stated that they like both reading and writing; 40 of them have expressed that they prefer to read books mostly and 16 of them had rather to write. According to the research results, 116 of these students have a female classroom teacher and for 130 of them, their classroom teacher is male. The average scores pertaining to the variables for students to be able to write the summary of narrative texts, write a suitable title for the summary, distinguish essential information and make reductions in the summarized texts are at low level. Students' summarizing skills differ significantly according to gender and female students are understood to be more successful than male ones. When considered the variable of teacher's gender, it is understood that the students whose classroom teacher is male are more successful in writing a summary. Additionally, a significant relation between the scores for students' being able to write summary and student gender and teacher gender has been found out. When the scores for students' being able to write a title for the summary text which they have already written is analyzed, it has been determined that the averages of writing title for the students who have learnt how to summarize from their parents or friends are higher than the general average. Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.  ÖzetBir metni veya kitabı daha iyi anlamak, anlama becerilerini geliştirmek için okuma sürecinde pek çok strateji ve yöntem kullanılmaktadır. Bunlardan biri de okuma sonrasında kullanılan özetleme stratejisidir. Özetleme, bir metnin ana fikrini ve muhtevasını koruyarak, daha az önemli olan bilgi ve ayrıntıların çıkarılması yoluyla asıl metinden daha kısa olan küçük ölçekte bir benzeri olan bir metnin oluşturulmasıdır. Yapılan bu araştırmanın amacı ilkokul dördüncü sınıf öğrencilerinin özetlemeye ilişkin becerilerin incelenmesidir. Özetleme becerileri, özetlenen metni kısaltma ve önemli bilgileri belirleme ile yazılan özete başlık yazma alt başlıklarına göre analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma 2016-2017 eğitim-öğretim yılında Kırıkkale il merkezinde 247 öğrencinin katılımıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada veri toplamak için “İlkokul Dördüncü Sınıf Öğrencileri İçin Özetlemeye Yönelik Görüşme Formu”, “Özetleme Stratejileri Puanlama Ölçeği” ve hikâye edici bir metin kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya katılan öğrencilerin 173’ü hem okumayı hem de yazı yazmayı sevdiğini; 40’ı kitap okumayı, 16’sı ise yazı yazmayı daha çok tercih ettiğini belirtmiştir. Araştırma sonuçların göre bu öğrencilerden 116’sının sınıf öğretmeni kadın; 130’unun sınıf öğretmeni ise erkektir. Öğrencilerin hikâye edici metinlerin özetini yazabilme, özete başlık yazabilme, önemli bilgileri seçebilme ve özet metinlerde kısaltma yapabilme değişkenlerine ait ortalama puanları düşük seviyededir. Öğrencilerinin özet yazabilme becerileri cinsiyete göre anlamlı farklılık göstermektedir ve kızların erkeklere göre daha başarılı olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Öğretmen cinsiyeti değişkeni dikkate alındığında,  sınıf öğretmeni erkek olan öğrencilerin özet yazmada daha başarılı olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Ayrıca, öğrencilerin özet yazabilme puanları ile öğrenci cinsiyeti ve öğretmen cinsiyeti arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Öğrencilerin yazdıkları özet metne başlık yazabilme puanları incelendiğinde, özet yazmayı anne-babalarından veya arkadaşlarından öğrenen öğrencilerin başlık yazabilme ortalamalarının genel ortalamadan yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir.

The existence of a culture of fear in the business can put pressure on the employees and limit the behaviors of the employees. Foreseeing the causes, sources and possible consequences of this culture of fear that exists in the workplace can provide a vital benefit for the business to survive successfully. In this context, the main purpose of this study is to examine the fear culture and management in the enterprises through the selected sample group. For this purpose, firstly, the conceptual framework consisting of fear, fear culture and management was discussed and an application was realized in Adıyaman Organized Industry. The research was carried out on a 386 sample group working in different enterprises in the organized industrial zone in Adıyaman. The data were analyzed using One Way ANOVA test, T-Test, Correlation Analysis, Regression Analysis and Frequency Analysis. As a result of the study, it was found that although there is not a very significant level of fear culture in the enterprises, there is a fear culture and employees can manage their fears comfortably.

People come together to fulfill their common goals and form groups in which they will work in systematic cooperation. People's realization of these common goals depends on a series of collaborations. In this context, it is known that there is a need for managers who can coordinate the Works so that the Works are carried out in a certain or derand not disrupted. Sometimes, a change of manager is needed due to the disruption of order with in the organization, institution or organization or the failure of the operation to continue properly. In the event of a possible change in a top manager who is in charge of the administration of work and action, the top manager wants to create his own organizational structure. The new top manager wants to work with people who he thinks can get along better and do better work, without giving a chance to managers at other management levels. In this case, it assigns for mermiddle and lower level managers to different positions. New positions are often given passive job descriptions. In this study, the effect of such pacifications on the personnel budget of the institution was examined.