This study aims to experimentally determine the role of intermolecular forces on the contact angle of vegetable oil droplets. Contact angles were recorded using a microscope and measured using digital software. The results show that the surface tension of vegetable oils is influenced by the London force between the electron clouds of molecules. The process of cooling increases vegetable oil contact angles, due to the decreased kinetic energy of constituent molecules and increased London force on the molecules. A decrease in temperature causes the surrounding water vapor to condense, which adheres to the droplet surface (due to the hydrophilic properties of molecules). Hydrogen bonds develop after moisture adheres to the surface. Further, water molecules on the droplet surface reduce the surface tension, because of hydrogen bonds between the molecules on the droplet surface and moisture. Hydrogen bonds among the molecules force water molecules to accumulate on the droplet surface, which suppresses the droplet surface; therefore the contact angle decreases.

Abstrak: Saat ini kebutuhan jagung dunia semakin meningkat, dengan pemanfaatan yang luas seperti konsumsi manusia, pakan ternak, hingga kebutuhan industri. Menurut data Kementerian Pertanian, Kabupaten Malang merupakan salah satu sentra produksi tanaman palawija khususnya jagung di Indonesia. Namun saat ini berdasarkan data BPS, hasil produksi jagung di Kabupaten Malang mengalami penurunan. Hal ini terjadi karena kapasitas kerja pengolahan tanah yang dilakukan oleh petani Desa Pulungdowo tidak maksimal dikarenakan usia petani yang sudah tidak produktif untuk melakukan pengolahan tanah. Untuk meningkatkan hasil produksi jagung perlu dilakukan peningkatan SDM dan mekanisasi pertanian. Kebutuhan mekanisasi pertanian di Desa Pulungdowo merupakan sebuah alat pengolahan tanah cultivator yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai alat penyiang rumput yang juga dapat dimanfaatkan untuk menggemburkan tanah pada lahan kering. Dengan mekanisasi ini mutu pekerjaan pengolahan tanah menjadi lebih baik, selain itu lebih efisien dalam waktu dan biaya yang dikeluarkan. Kegiatan ini melibatkan petani jagung Desa Pulungdowo dan pemateri yang memberikan penyuluhan mengenai pembibitan tanaman jagung yang dilakukan secara persilangan. Metode yang digunakan pada kegiatan PKM ini adalah dengan melibatkan masyarakat dan memberikan solusi substitusi IPTEK berupa mekanisasi pertanian. Tahapan pelaksanaan kegiatan ini adalah rembug desa yang merupakan bentuk dari survei lapangan, pengadaan alat, penyuluhan mekanisasi pertanian dan pembibitan tanaman jagung, penyerahan alat dan pelatihan operasional perawatan mesin, serta evaluasi untuk mengetahui efektivitas alat. Kegiatan ini menghasilkan evaluasi yang menunjukkan bahwa petani jagung Desa Pulungdowo mampu mengoperasikan alat cultivator setelah dilakukan pelatihan penggunaan dan perawatan mesin, sehingga proses pengolahan tanah pertanian jagung yang dilakukan petani Desa Pulungdowo menjadi lebih efisien.Abstract: Currently, the world's need for corn is increasing, with wide use of such as human consumption, animal feed, to industrial needs. According to data from the Ministry of Agriculture, Malang Regency is one of the production centers for secondary crops, especially maize in Indonesia. However, currently based on BPS data, corn production in Malang Regency has decreased. This happens because the working capacity of land cultivation carried out by the farmers in Pulungdowo Village is not optimal due to the age of the farmers who are not productive enough to cultivate the land. To increase the yield of maize production, it is necessary to increase human resources and agricultural mechanization. The need for agricultural mechanization in Pulungdowo Village is a tool for cultivating land for cultivators that can be used as a tool for weeding which can also be used to loosen the soil on dry land. With this mechanization, the quality of soil processing work will be better, besides that it is more efficient in terms of time and costs. This activity involved corn farmers in Pulungdowo Village and presenters who provided counseling on the breeding of corn which was carried out by crosses. The method used in this PKM activity is to involve the community and provide solutions to substitute science and technology in the form of agricultural mechanization. The stages of the implementation of this activity are village consultations which are a form of field survey, procurement of tools, counseling on agricultural mechanization and corn plant nurseries, delivery of tools and training on machine maintenance operations, and evaluation to determine the effectiveness of the tools. This activity resulted in an evaluation showing that the corn farmers in Pulungdowo Village were able to operate the cultivators after training on the use and maintenance of the machines so that the processing of corn farmland carried out by the farmers in Pulungdowo Village became more efficient

Learning in VHS cannot be separated from teacher's role as an educator. Besides that, the laboratory is necessary to support the life skill, critical and creative thinking, collaborating, communicating, and literacy. It can be concluded that there is a strong relationship between laboratory infrastructure (X1) and teacher competence (X2) on student learning outcomes (Y). The case study in this research known results as follows: (1) there are significantly impact between variable X1 and Y, (2) there are significantly impact between variable X2 and Y, (3) there are there are significantly impact between laboratory facilities and teacher competence with student's learning outcomes.

Abstrak: Salah satu media pembelajaran utama yang digunakan dalam sistem pendidikan anak usia dini ialah Alat Permainan Edukatif (APE). APE akan menunjang keberhasilan proses belajar melalui pengembangan aspek motorik halus dan kasar yang dilakukan pada area bermain indoor maupun outdoor. APE indoor dapat dipenuhi melalui pembuatan sendiri dari bahan yang tersedia di sekitar, sedangkan APE outdoor sebagian besar membutuhkan alat bantu pabrikasi yang harganya relatif mahal. Tujuan utama penyediaan APE outdoor adalah untuk meningkatkan kreativitas, keterampilan fisik, rasa percaya diri, daya nalar, kemampuan bersosialisasi dan meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa. Ketersediaan APE outdoor pada PAUD Bina Cendikia Malang masih sangat terbatas sehingga program kegiatan belajar untuk mengembangkan aspek motorik siswa kurang optimal. Selain itu diperlukan peningkatan pemahaman tentang keselematan bermain bagi anak agar guru dan wali siswa dapat memastikan kegiatan bermain berlangsung dengan aman, menarik, menyenangkan, dan minim resiko. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat pada PAUD Bina Cendikia dapat meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran.