This study is aimed at determining the association of inflammatory markers and proinflammatory cytokines with cardiovascular risk manifestation in women with endometriosis as compared to healthy controls. A total of 181 females of reproductive age with the absence of other inflammatory or autoimmune disorders and a lack of hormonal therapy for at least 6 months voluntarily participated in this investigation. Patients were 81 females, laparoscopically diagnosed with endometriosis, while the control group comprised 80 healthy females without any pelvic pathology. All subjects were 20-40 years of age. Exclusion criteria were diabetes, obesity, hypertension, metabolic diseases, cardiovascular, and renal disorders. C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, homocysteine, interleukin-17, and interleukin-33 were analyzed using commercially available ELISA kits. For statistical interpretation, the unpaired Student “ t ” test was used. All inflammatory markers and cytokines demonstrated elevated levels ( P < 0.001 ) in endometriosis patients as compared to healthy controls. The results of the study revealed that the patients with endometriosis demonstrate a hypercoagulable status due to inflammation, which initiates atherosclerosis and associated complications. Hence, endometriosis can cause a risk of cardiovascular disorders in these patients.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and severity of the condition of lower urinary tract symptoms in Pakistani men, determine its predictors and assess its impact on the quality of life. Methods: A cross-sectional, population-based study was conducted among men aged 30 years and over in three districts of Punjab province, Pakistan. The modified Urdu version of the International Prostate Symptom Score was used to assess the prevalence and severity of lower urinary tract symptoms. Individuals with total symptom score ⩾8 were considered as having lower urinary tract symptoms. The data were analysed using SPSS version 22. The chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to assess the difference among categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Moreover, binary logistic regressions were performed to determine the predictors of lower urinary tract symptoms. Results: The overall prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms in our sample was 33.7%. The frequency of individuals having mild, moderate and severe lower urinary tract symptoms was 66.3, 30.3 and 3.4%, respectively. Storage symptoms were more common than voiding symptoms (35.6% vs 28.2%, respectively). Increasing age (one-decade interval age stratum), higher education levels, working status (currently not working), smoking, hypertension, diabetes and renal impairment were positive predictors of lower urinary tract symptoms. Moreover, the condition of lower urinary tract symptoms was associated with a significant reduction in an individual's quality of life. Conclusion: Around one-third of adult Pakistani men suffer from clinically relevant urinary symptoms, with lower urinary tract symptoms sufferers having poor quality of life as compared to non-sufferers. We recommend that the aging population should be made aware of conventional measures to mitigate mild urinary symptoms affecting their routine activities.

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Perturbations in the actions of T3 and T4 influence the normal metabolic pathways. Responsiveness of lipid biomarkers like LDL-C, HDL-C, TC, TG, Apo-A, and Apo-B after rehabilitation of thyroid profile attaining euthyroid state was determined. A total of 179 age-matched subjects of both genders were recruited for this research. Sixty healthy controls, thirty-four subclinical, fifty overt hyperthyroid, and thirty-five follow-up subjects having 3 months of Carbimazole therapy were enrolled. Biochemical analysis was performed by chemistry analyzer, RIA, and ELISA. One-way ANOVA was applied for the statistical analysis, while significance ( P < 0.05 ) of means was compared by the Student-Newman-Keuls (SNK) test. Pronounced reduction ( P < 0.001 ) of cholesterol in overt as compared to control and subclinical was noticed, whereas marked improvement ( P < 0.001 ) was evidenced in follow-up. Prominent elevation ( P < 0.05 ) of TG in follow-up was evidenced as compared to control. Overt presented marked reduction of HDL-C as compared to subclinical and control ( P < 0.01 and P < 0.001 ), respectively. Pronounced elevation ( P < 0.001 ) of HDL-C was evidenced after treatment. Overt presented reduction of LDL-C as compared to subclinical and control ( P < 0.01 and P < 0.05 , respectively). The follow-up group demonstrated considerable ( P < 0.001 ) improvement of LDL-C after treatment and elevation ( P < 0.05 ) as compared to control. Overt presented reduction of Apo-B as compared to subclinical and control ( P < 0.05 and P < 0.001 , respectively). Improvement ( P < 0.05 ) of Apo-B was evidenced in follow-up. Reduction ( P < 0.05 ) of Apo-A in overt as compared to control and elevation ( P < 0.05 ) in follow-up as compared to overt was evidenced. Conclusively, improvement after treatment was evidenced in lipid profile.