Background: Corneal ulcer is one of the most common causes of visual acuity impairment and blindness all over the world. The aim of the study was to evaluate various factors affecting the bacterial corneal ulcers healing, including the predisposing factors, causative organisms, antibiotic sensitivity, as well as the treatment outcomes.Methods: All data were taken retrospectively from medical records of patients who underwent corneal scraping for Gram examination and/or culture over a-4-year period (2008-2011) at the Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta. Treatment outcome were analyzed using Chi-square test, one-way ANOVA, and post-hoc analysis. Mean time required for complete epithelial healing was also investigated.Results: 220 cases of bacterial corneal ulcers in 216 patients were included. The most common risk factors were ocular trauma (45.8%). Gram-positive coccus were found in 65.7% cases other than other microbes. Pseudomonas sp. (25,0%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (18.4%) were the most common isolates, sensitive to almost all kinds of antibiotics. About 83.0% (106 cases) were improved with antibiotics only, the rest were not improved and worsened. Mean time for complete epithelial healing was 17.5 ± 8.9 days with mild ulcer had the most rapid recovery. Eyes treated with fluoroquinolone eyedrops were healed in 14 days, faster than other regiments.Conclusion: Ocular trauma was the most common risk factor for corneal ulcer, and the most commonly isolated organism was Pseudomonas sp. Most cases were improved with antibiotics, and fluoroquinolone showed faster healing. Complete epithelial healing occurred in about 17.5 days.
Latar Belakang: Pseudotumor orbita merupakan suatu proses inflamasi jinak pada orbita yang jika tidak diterapi dengan baik akan menyebabkan disfungsi okulomotor berat dan gangguan penglihatan ireversibel. Evaluasi efektivitas dan keamanan terapi pseudotumor yang rekuren atau refrakter terhadap kortikosteroid sistemik diperlukan karena telah ditemukan hasil yang bervariasi, tidak adanya panduan terapi yang spesifik, dan karena kurangnya profil efektivitas dan keamanan masing-masing agen terapi. Metode: Peneliti telah meninjau beberapa artikel yang berkaitan dengan terapi sesuai kasus di atas. Kriteria inklusi adalah semua jenis jurnal dengan semua level of evidence yang mempublikasikan efektivitas masing-masing terapi, komplikasi, angka rekurensi, masa tindak lanjut, dan efek samping. Hasil: Tinjauan telah dilakukan terhadap 20 jurnal yang membahas tentang terapi radiasi, injeksi steroid intralesi, imunosupresan, dan agen imunobiologik. Semua jurnal tergolong dalam level of evidence IV yang memuat durasi gejala, dosis dan durasi, respons klinis, efek samping, dan rekurensi. Besar subjek yang tercakup dalam tinjauan ini bervariasi dari 1 hingga 37 subjek, dengan rerata masa followup 9 bulan hingga 4,5 tahun. Sebagian besar penelitian menunjukkan respons klinik yang baik. Angka rekurensi dan efek samping/komplikasi sangat rendah bahkan nihil. Kelompok terapi radiasi menunjukkan respons terapi yang lebih rendah dan rekurensi serta komplikasi yang lebih tinggi bila dibandingkan dengan modalitas terapi lainnya yang dapat mencapai complete response hingga 100%. Kesimpulan: Semua jenis modalitas terapi untuk penatalaksanaan pseudotumor orbita rekuren atau refrakter terhadap kortikosteroid sistemik terbukti efektif dan aman. Penelitian yang lebih besar dan valid diperlukan lebih lanjut untuk menentukan efektivitas dan keamanan terapi.
ABSTRAK Stunting merupakan masalah malnutrisi pada anak yang saat ini menjadi issue nasional. Diperlukan adanya intervensi untuk menekan prevalensi stunting agar dapat berkontribusi pada Indonesia Emas tahun 2045 mendatang. Berbagai upaya dilakukan pemerintah dalam menekan kejadian stunting yang kian meningkat, salah satunya dengan pelaksanaan intervensi gizi spesifik dan intervensi gizi sensitive. Tujuan kegiatan adalah melakukan intervensi spesifik dan sensitif pencegahan stunting melalui mahasiswi tingkat akhir. Kegiatan yang dilakukan adalah: skrining status gizi mahasiswi tingkat akhir melalui pemeriksaan kadar hemoglobin, pemberian tablet tambah darah serta pemberian edukasi nutrisi, edukasi kesehatan reproduksi dan pola pengasuhan anak sebagai persiapan pranikah pada mahasiswi tingkat akhir Universitas Tanjungpura. Manfaat dari kegiatan adalah meningkatkan pemahanan mahasiswi tingkat akhir terkait faktor resiko untuk melahirkan generasi stunting sehingga mahasiswi sebagai calon Ibu, bisa mempersiapkan dan mengeliminasi faktor resiko tersebut agar tidak melahirkan anak stunting. Hasil skrining didapatkan sebanyak 19 orang peserta (38%) memiliki kadar Hb dibawah 12 mg/dl dengan kadar ter rendah yaitu 7,1 mg/dl. Hasil evaluasi post test menunjukkan peningkatan nilai rata rata dengan selisih 1,16 yang berarti terdapat pengaruh antara edukasi yang diberikan dengan pengetahuan peserta. Adanya peningkatan pengetahuan tersebut diharapkan dapat menjadi bekal yang cukup bagi calon ibu untuk melanjutkan ke jenjang pernikahan sebagai langkah awal untuk mencegahh kelahiran stunting dari ibu yang anemia. Kata Kunci: Mahasiswi, Haemoglobin, Anemia, Stunting ABSTRACT Stunting is a problem of malnutrition in children which is currently a national issue. Interventions are needed to reduce the prevalence of stunting in order to contribute to the Golden Indonesia in 2045. Various efforts have been made by the government in suppressing the increasing incidence of stunting, one of which is the implementation of specific nutrition interventions and sensitive nutrition interventions. The purpose of the activity is to carry out specific and sensitive interventions to prevent stunting through final year students The activities that will be carried out are: screening the nutritional status of final year female students through examination of hemoglobin levels, giving blood supplements and providing nutrition education, education on reproductive health and parenting patterns as premarital preparation for final year students at Tanjungpura University. The benefit of the activity is to increase the understanding of final year female students related to risk factors for giving birth to a stunting generation so that female students as prospective mothers can prepare and eliminate these risk factors so as not to give birth to stunting children. The results of the screening showed that 19 participants (38%) had Hb levels below 12 mg/dl with the lowest level of 7.1 mg/dl. The results of the post test evaluation showed an increase in the average score with a difference of 1.16, which means that there is an influence between the education provided and the knowledge of the participants. The increase in knowledge is expected to be sufficient provision for prospective mothers to continue to the marriage level as the first step to prevent stunting births from anemic mothers. Keywords: Female Student, Hemoglobin, Anemia, Stunting
<p>Latar Belakang: Salah satu standar kompetensi dokter lulusan Indonesia adalah profesionalisme; usaha pembelajaran profesionalisme sangat tepat jika dimulai sejak dini. Tujuan: Mengetahui persepsi mahasiswa kedokteran Prodi Kedokteran FK UNTAN tahap akademik dan profesi tentang konsep profesionalisme dokter. Metodologi: Penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan wawancara mendalam. Pemilihan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Responden berjumlah 10 orang mahasiswa. Analisis data dengan analisis tematik. Hasil: Sebanyak 7 dari total 10 responden (70%) mendefinisikan profesionalisme dokter yaitu seorang dokter yang bekerja sesuai standar profesi dokter. Mengenai persepsi atribut perilaku profesionalisme, 7 responden (70%) menyatakan bahwa dokter yang profesional harus memiliki tanggung jawab. Seluruh responden menyatakan prinsip pembelajaran profesionalisme yaitu dilatih dan diterapkan sejak mahasiswa akademik-profesi hingga menjadi dokter serta terintegrasi dengan kurikulum. Sebanyak 5 responden (50%) menyatakan peran penting profesionalisme pada pendidikan kedokteran yaitu belajar profesionalisme agar terbiasa saat menjadi dokter. Simpulan: Profesionalisme dalam kedokteran perlu diperkenalkan kepada mahasiswa sejak dini. Pendidikan profesionalisme juga harus dengan pengarahan dan bimbingan.</p><p>Background: One of the standard of competencies of Indonesian Doctor is professionalism. Professionalism is obligatory for all doctors and this competence can be acquired at early phase. Objective: This paper aims to identify the perceptions of academic and profession stage medical students in Tanjungpura University on the concept of doctor’s professionalism. Methodology: This paper was a descriptive qualitative with in-depth interview. Ten participants were selected through purposive sampling method. Data were analysed thematically. Results: Seven of 10 participants (70%) defined doctor’s professionalism as work according to the standards of doctor profession. Seven (70%) participants stated that a professional doctor must have a sense of responsibility. All participants indicated that professionalism training should begin in academic-profession level. Five respondents (50%) stated the important role of professionalism in medical education, namely learning professionalism to get used to being a doctor. Conclusion: In medical faculty, professionalism should be introduced as early as possible.</p><p> </p>
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