PURPOSE In 2016, there were 1,308,061 cases of cancer being treated in Indonesia, with 2.2 trillion rupiahs spent, amounting to $486,960,633 in US dollars (purchasing power parity 2016). The high burden of cancers in Indonesia requires a valid data collection to inform future cancer-related policies. The purpose of this study is to report cancer epidemiological data from 2008 to 2012 based on Hospital-Based Cancer Registry (HBCR) data from Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Indonesia. METHODS This was a descriptive study with cross-sectional design. Data were collected from Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital HBCR 2008-2012. Demographical, diagnostic, stages of cancer, and histopathological types of cancer data were extracted. RESULTS After screening, 18,216 cases were included. A total of 12,438 patients were older than 39 years of age (68.3%), with a female-to-male ratio of 9:5. Most patients have cancers at advanced stages (stages III and IV, 10.2%). The most common sites of cancer were cervix uteri (2,878 cases, 15.8%), breast (2,459 cases, 13.5%), hematopoietic and reticuloendothelial systems (1,422 cases, 7.8%), nasopharynx (1,338 cases, 7.4%), and lymph nodes (1,104 cases, 6.1%). CONCLUSION From this HBCR, cancer incidence in female was almost twice the incidence in male, largely because of the burden of cervical and breast cancers. The cervix uteri as one of the top five cancer sites based on this HBCR, 2008-2012, are still approximately consistent with Global Cancer Incidence, Mortality and Prevalence 2018, which portrayed that Indonesia has been severely afflicted by cervical cancer cases more than any other Association of Southeast Asian Nations countries. The HBCR could serve as a robust database of epidemiological data for cancer cases in Indonesia.

Latar Belakang: Pseudotumor orbita merupakan suatu proses inflamasi jinak pada orbita yang jika tidak diterapi dengan baik akan menyebabkan disfungsi okulomotor berat dan gangguan penglihatan ireversibel. Evaluasi efektivitas dan keamanan terapi pseudotumor yang rekuren atau refrakter terhadap kortikosteroid sistemik diperlukan karena telah ditemukan hasil yang bervariasi, tidak adanya panduan terapi yang spesifik, dan karena kurangnya profil efektivitas dan keamanan masing-masing agen terapi. Metode: Peneliti telah meninjau beberapa artikel yang berkaitan dengan terapi sesuai kasus di atas. Kriteria inklusi adalah semua jenis jurnal dengan semua level of evidence yang mempublikasikan efektivitas masing-masing terapi, komplikasi, angka rekurensi, masa tindak lanjut, dan efek samping. Hasil: Tinjauan telah dilakukan terhadap 20 jurnal yang membahas tentang terapi radiasi, injeksi steroid intralesi, imunosupresan, dan agen imunobiologik. Semua jurnal tergolong dalam level of evidence IV yang memuat durasi gejala, dosis dan durasi, respons klinis, efek samping, dan rekurensi. Besar subjek yang tercakup dalam tinjauan ini bervariasi dari 1 hingga 37 subjek, dengan rerata masa followup 9 bulan hingga 4,5 tahun. Sebagian besar penelitian menunjukkan respons klinik yang baik. Angka rekurensi dan efek samping/komplikasi sangat rendah bahkan nihil. Kelompok terapi radiasi menunjukkan respons terapi yang lebih rendah dan rekurensi serta komplikasi yang lebih tinggi bila dibandingkan dengan modalitas terapi lainnya yang dapat mencapai complete response hingga 100%. Kesimpulan: Semua jenis modalitas terapi untuk penatalaksanaan pseudotumor orbita rekuren atau refrakter terhadap kortikosteroid sistemik terbukti efektif dan aman. Penelitian yang lebih besar dan valid diperlukan lebih lanjut untuk menentukan efektivitas dan keamanan terapi.

Background: To evaluate the efficacy (complete resolution, tolerability, and recurrance of BCC) andsafety (adverse effect during and after treatment) of imiquimod 5% cream as primary therapy inmanagement of nodular basal cell carcinoma.Methods: Journal articles published that were published between 2007 and 2011 related to themanagement of eyelid nodular basal cell carcinoma with imiquimod 5% cream were reviewed.Results: Of all 6 articles: 1 article was randomized trial study; 1 article was case series study; whilethe others were prospective studies. The rate of complete resolution with imiquimod 5% therapy wasoverall high with range 80-100% between all studies. Four studies reported tolerability of imiquimodtherapy assessed by ophthalmologist also range from 80-100%. No occurance of relapse were reportedin all studies. Skin reaction is the most common adverse effect seen with the rate widely variedbetween 53.5% to 100%. Skin reaction could be seen as erythema, crusting, or scabbing in the site ofimiquimod application during and after treatment of the therapy. The other side effects were skinulceration (40-55.5%), keratitis (15%), conjunctivitis (13.3-40%), and ocular discomfort (60%). Nosystemic side effect were reported in all studies.Conclusion: Imiquimod 5% cream gains good evidence of efficacy and safety in treating nodular eyelidand periocular BCC. Imiquimod may be used as first-line treatment in patients with small eyelidnodular BCC located in patients who refuse surgery or have existing pathologies that contraindicatesurgery.Keywords: imiquimod 5% cream, basal cell carcinoma of the eyelid or periocular