The crew of fishing vessels is human beings, the absolute owners of human rights that have been universally recognized. To anticipate and overcome many human rights violations in the Indonesian seas, the Government, through the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries issued a Regulation of the Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Number 35 of 2015 concerning Fisheries Human Rights Systems and Certification. This research further describes how the provisions of the fisheries' human rights certification and analyzes their impact on protecting human rights for fishing vessel crews in Indonesia. The author uses a normative juridical research method by examining library materials or other secondary materials. The data collection method used is a literature study. The tools used are documents in the form of primary, secondary, and non-legal legal materials. The data obtained were analyzed qualitatively and then presented descriptively. This study found that there are various forms of human rights violations against fishing boat crews. Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries then enforces regulation to prevent human rights violations by business actors against fishing vessel crews. There are several weaknesses in regulations and implementations, namely weaknesses in wage system arrangements, limited regulatory targets, the involvement of workers and employers' representatives in the fisheries human rights team that is not clear, weaknesses of the coordinating system for fisheries human rights teams with supervisors employment, weaknesses of fisheries human rights assessment institutions, weaknesses of socialization for employers and workers. The author suggests that it is necessary to strengthen the coordination and cooperation system between ministries in implementing Fisheries Human Rights Regulations. It also needs to improve communication and dissemination of policies and regulations to stakeholders.

Marriage is a sacred act that no one will doubt. The sacredness of marriage does not mean that every person could be married. There are legal competencies in Islam that every person should be aware of before doing any legal acts. Islamic law sets two indicators of legal age; both are bālig and rusydan. Indonesia has determined the age of 19 to be a formal legal age of Indonesian people for their marriage. Finding the connection between the two indicators and concluded age is worth studying. The article aims to correlate Islamic legal competence with the marriage readiness and triangle analysis of legal age marriage based on Indonesia's factual issues. The article was described and analyzed qualitatively and based on the normative legal review. The review found out that ahliyyatul adā` al-kāmilah is the appropriate phase-in doing all legal activities, including marriage. The concluded age of 19 by the Indonesian government is well-measured when it was analyzed through the three parallel concepts: maslahah, ra’iyyatul imam manūtun bil maslahah, and sadd al-zarī’ah, all of which allow valuable considerations based on actual problematic issues of underage marriage.

The WTO Conference held in Hong Kong in 2005 agreed that subsidies must be immediately abolished by each WTO member country. But the decision was not approved by many countries, especially developing countries and less developed countries, so the concept of Special and Differential Treatment appears. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the extent of this idea's impact on the small-scale fisheries in Indonesia after the Buenos Aires Conference. a normative juridical research method is used by authors that examining library materials and other secondary materials. The author uses the data collection method by the literature study. Documents in the form of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and non-legal materials are used in this paper. At the Ministerial Meeting in Buenos Aires in 2017 Special and Differential Treatment Concept was discussed. The result of this study found that regarding of conclusion in the 11th Ministerial Conference in Buenos Aires, Indonesia has a chance to protect their small-scale fisheries interest to continue to provide subsidies in the field of fisheries. However, Indonesia still has a lot of work to be done to develop disciplines of fisheries subsidies within the framework of cooperation at the WTO and prevent the misuse of subsidies provided.

Secara konstitusional setiap warga negara mempunyai hak keperdataan yang harus dijamin dan dilindungi. Tidak semua anak lahir bernasib baik. Ada anak dilahirkan dari ikatan perkawinan yang sah disebut anak sah. Sementara, disebut anak luar kawin yaitu anak yang lahir tidak dalam ikatan perkawinan yang sah di mana laki-laki dan perempuan yang masih perjaka dan perawan. Adanya perbedaan hak yang diterima anak sah dengan anak luar kawin menarik untuk dikaji menggunakan berbagai perspektif, salah satu perspektif hukum Islam. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian normatif dengan menggunakan sumber data sekunder yang diperoleh melalui studi pustaka. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif menggunakan pendekatan konsep hukum Islam. Nasab anak dalam hukum Islam dibedakan antara anak yang dibuahi tidak dalam perkawinan sah namun dilahirkan dalam perkawinan yang sah, dengan anak yang dibuahi dan dilahirkan di luar perkawinan yang sah. Kedudukan anak luar kawin menurut hukum Islam hanya memiliki hubungan keperdataan dengan ibu dan keluarga ibu. Adapun hubungan anak luar kawin dengan bapaknya menurut hukum Islam, yakni tidak memilik hak keperdataan berupa tidak ada hubungan nasab, tidak saling mewarisi, dan tidak dapat menjadi wali nikah.

The rampant trade in birds protected by the state has reduced the number of these species and tends to become extinct. The extinction of one species will have an impact on other ecosystems. One of the causes of the many practices of buying and selling protected birds is the low law enforcement process, so it does not provide a deterrent effect to perpetrators of violations. This article aims to discuss the review of treaty law on the sale and purchase of birds protected by the state and review the law enforcement mechanisms that can be applied in this case. The research method used in this article is normative legal research by tracing literature studies that are relevant to the object of research. The collected data is then analyzed using a conceptual approach and a statutory approach. The results of this study indicate that the practice of buying and selling birds protected by the state is contrary to the law of the agreement because it does not fulfill the conditions for the validity of the agreement. Especially the objective conditions in the form of objects of the agreement, including those that are prohibited from being traded, and the non-fulfillment of the elements of a lawful cause because the sale and purchase of animals protected by the state are included in the category of prohibited acts and is contrary to the law, decency, and public order. The perpetrators of trading in protected birds can be enforced by law using criminal sanctions with a minimum fine of 100-500 million and imprisonment of 1-5 years, or through a civil lawsuit asking for compensation.