ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efektivitas larvasida ekstrak etil asetat daun kemuning terhadap larva Ae. aegypti. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah ekstrak etil asetat daun kemuning (EEADK). Rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri atas enam perlakuan yaitu P1 (100 ml aquades), P2 (abate 10%), P3 (EEADK 10 ppm), P4 (EEADK 50 ppm), P5 (EEADK 100 ppm), dan P6 (EEADK 1000 ppm). Pada masing-masing perlakuan ditambahkan 25 larva nyamuk Ae. Aegypti dan ragi sebagai makanan. Masing-masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali ulangan. Hasil yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis varian (ANAVA). Rata-rata jumlah larva yang mati 24 jam setelah pemberian ekstrak pada kelompok P1; P2; P3; P4; P5; dan P6 masing-masing adalah 25,00±0,00; 0,00±0,00; 0,33±0,39; 1,00±0,00 ; 2,33±0,94; dan 3,33±0,47. Berdasarkan analisis uji Puncan menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang nyata (P<0,05) antara kelompok perlakuan dengan kelompok kontrol. Pemberian ekstrak etil asetat daun kemuning dapat menurunkan jumlah larva Ae. Aegypti. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Kata kunci: larvasida, daun kemuning, Aedes aegypti P3, P4, P5, and P6(EEADK10, 50, 100, and 1000 ppm, respectively). Twenty five Ae. aegypti larvae and yeast were added to each treatment group. The result was analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The mortality rate of larvae 24 hours after the administration of EEADK in group P1; P2; P3; P4; P5; and P6 was 25±0,00; 0±0,00; 0,33±0,39; 1±0,00; 2,33±0,94; and 3,33±0,47, respectively. Statistical (Anonimus, 2010). ABSTRACT This study aims to determine larvacide effectivity of ethyl acetate extract of Murraya paniculata leaves (EEADK) against on Ae. aegypti larvae. The material used in this study was ethyl acetate extract of Murraya paniculata. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used in this reaserch consists of 6 treatment groups with 3 replication each. P1 (100 ml distilled water), P2 (Abate 10%),Indonesia adalah salah satu negara tropis yang paling besar di dunia. Iklim tropis menyebabkan adanya berbagai penyakit tropis yang disebabkan oleh nyamuk seperti malaria, demam berdarah, filariasis, dan chikungunya yang menimbulkan epidemi yang berlangsung dalam spektrum yang luas dan cepat. Penyebab utama munculnya epidemi berbagai penyakit tropis tersebut adalah perkembangbiakan dan penyebaran nyamuk sebagai vektor penyakit yang tidak terkendali (Ratnaningsih et al., 2010).Nyamuk Aedes aegypti dapat ditemukan hampir di seluruh provinsi di Indonesia karena nyamuk ini sangat mudah beradaptasi dengan lingkungan sekitarnya. Demam berdarah dengue adalah salah satu penyakit yang tidak ada obat maupun vaksinnya. Pengobatannya hanya berupa pemberian cairan intravena. Tindakan pencegahan dengan memberantas sarang nyamuk dan membunuh larva serta nyamuk dewasa, merupakan tindakan yang terbaik (Aradilla, 2009).Sebagai salah satu upaya memutus mata rantai penyebaran nyam...
Aim:The aim of this research was to determine the copro-prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with repetitive 529 bp gene and to construct the phylogenetic tree of Toxoplasma oocyst from pet cats in Yogyakarta.Materials and Methods:9 of 132 pet cat samples which serologically positive for Toxoplasma were used in this research. To determine the copro-prevalence of T. gondii in pet cat, 10 g of feces samples taken from practitioners and household cats in Yogyakarta were used in the PCR method utilizing repetitive 529 bp gene sequences.Results:The result shows that copro-prevalence by PCR using repetitive 529 bp gene was 33.3% (3/9). The phylogenetic tree of Toxoplasma grouped into two clades, which clade 1 consists of Toxoplasma isolates collected from pet cats in Yogyakarta Indonesia and T. gondii isolates from China and in clade 2 consist of the T. gondii isolates from India.Conclusion:Copro-prevalence of T. gondii in pet cats in Yogyakarta by means of PCR using repetitive 529 bp gene is around 33.3%.
Abstract. Hanafiah M, Helmi TZ, Sutriana A, Bahi M. 2021. Morphology and molecular identification of Eurytrema spp. worm in Aceh cattle, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 5654-5661. The objective of this research was to determine the species of Eurytrema spp. in Aceh cattle which were slaughtered in slaughterhouses located in Banda Aceh, Indonesia. Identification of Eurytrema spp worm species was performed by Semichon’s Carmine staining, SEM and molecular method. The result fromSemichon’s Carmine staining and SEM method showed that worms coded E2 and E3 were Eurytrema cladorchis indicated by clearly visible protruding cirrus while worms coded E1, E4 and E5 were E. pancreaticum indicated by the absence of protruding cirrus. Molecular characterization of Eurytrema spp.produced fragments of approximately 700 bp in length. The phylogenic tree showed that Eurytrema spp.from Aceh cattle consisted of 2 clades: clade 1 was E. pancreaticum, while clade 2 was E. cladorchis. DNA sequencing result showed that the similarity of worm samples coded 1, 4, and 5 were 98.90% similar to E. pancreaticum (KJ767631.1 and KC535543.1), and 96. 33% similar to E. cladorchis (MN566134.5 and MN566140.1), whereas the worm samples coded 2 and 3 were 97.53% similar to E. pancreaticum (KY490000.1 until KY490004.1), and 97.55 % similar to E. cladorchis (MN566135.1 until MN566140.1). This research was able to identify E. pancreaticumand E. cladorchis in Aceh cattle slaughtered in Banda Aceh slaughter houses.
ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian adalah menentukan kemungkinan faktor-faktor risiko terhadap kemunculan toksoplasmosis. Sebanyak 132 sampel serum darah diambil pada kucing lokal di Yogyakarta. Data-data epidemiologis seperti asal usul kucing, ras kucing, jenis kelamin, umur, lokasi sistem pemeliharaan, jenis pakan, dan frekuensi diare diberi kode untuk mempermudah analisis, kemudian dimasukkan, disimpan, dan dianalisis dengan program Statistix Versi 7 (Analytical Sofware inc). Analisis data dilakukan secara bivariat (Chi-square ( 2 ), dan kekuatan asosiasi (OR), dan multivariat (regresi logistik). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap adanya toksoplasmosis pada kucing berdasarkan analisis bivariat adalah pembersihan kotak pasir 1 kali sehari dan mandi 2-3 kali seminggu sedangkan faktor-faktor yang memiliki peluang meningkatkan seropositif toksoplasmosis berdasarkan analisis multivariat adalah pemeliharaan kucing yang bebas di dalam rumah, dimandikan lebih dari 1 kali seminggu, dan dimandikan lebih besar dari 1 bulan sekali. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Kata kunci: faktor risiko, kucing, prevalensi, serologis, toksoplasmosis ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of toxoplasmosis on local cat in Yogyakarta by using CATT Pastorex Toxo and to determine the possible risk factors for the occurrence of toxoplasmosis. Serum samples were collected from 132 local cats in Yogyakarta. The prevalence data were analyzed descriptively and epidemiological data such as the origin of the cats, breed/race, sex, age, maintenance system location, feed type, and frequency of diarrhea were coded for ease of analysis, using Statistic Program Version 7 (Analytical Software inc.). Data analysis was performed using bivariate (Chi-square (2), the strength of the association (OR), and multivariate (logistic regression PENDAHULUANToxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) adalah parasit intraseluler yang menginfeksi berbagai hewan berdarah panas termasuk kucing, anjing, dan manusia (Garcia et al., 2012). Infeksi oleh toksoplasmosis dapat terjadi karena menelan sista di jaringan daging yang kurang matang atau mentah atau tidak sengaja menelan oosista dari lingkungan (Duan et al., 2012).Toxoplasma gondii hanya mengalami proliferasi aseksual (schizogoni) dan seksual (gametogoni) dalam hospes definitif dan Felidae lainnya, sehingga hospes definitif berfungsi sebagai satu-satunya tempat diproduksinya oosista (Webster 2007). Oosista stabil di lingkungan setelah dikeluarkan melalui feses. Oosista dapat menular selama kurang lebih dua tahun, dan menyebabkan kontaminasi secara luas dan menjadi sumber infeksi bagi manusia dan hospes perantara lainnya (Yan et al., 2012). Webster (2007) menyatakan bahwa sebagai hospes definitif, kucing sangat penting bagi Toxoplasma dalam mencapai tingkat pematangan dan siklus hidupnya dapat mencapai tingkatan sempurna. Kucing domestik merupakan sumber utama infeksi pada manusia dan hospes-ho...
Aim:The aims of the study are to detect the presence of Toxoplasma gondii antigen and to determine its distribution location in several organs of domestic cat using immunohistochemistry (IHC) method with Labeled-[Strept] Avidin-Biotin (LAB-SA).Material and Methods:Four domestic cats aged 1-2 years were used as sample in this research. The sample divided into two groups with two cats each. Cats in Group I were positive Toxoplasma based on serologically screening test, while cats in Group II were orally infected with 1×106 Toxoplasma oocyst. All samples then necropsied, and the organs including brain, liver, kidney, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, lungs, and spleen were collected for IHC method with LAB-SA.Result:The result showed that Toxoplasma antigens were detected in ileum of both serologically positive domestic cat and the experimentally infected cats. Toxoplasma was also observed in kidney of serologically positive domestic cat. In the serologically positive domestic cat, necrotic lesions were found on ileum, kidney, and liver, whereas in experimentally infected cat, the lesion was only found on ileum.Conclusion:The presence of Toxoplasma antigen is successfully detected in several organs of domestic cat using IHC method with the LAB-SA.
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