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In this paper we proposed a system for automatic fetal detection and approximation in ultrasound image. We used Adaboost.MH based on Multi Stump Classifier to detect fetal organs in ultrasound. After fetal organ detected, it is approximated using Randomized Hough Transform. Experiments result show that mean accuracy of the fetal organs detection reaches 93.92% with mean kappa coefficient value reaches 0.854 and mean hamming error reaches 0.032. Proposed method has better performance compared to other five methods proposed in previous researches. Fetal Organ shape approximation performance reaches 81% for fetal head, 57% for fetal abdomen, 72% of fetal femur, and 66% of fetal humerus.I.

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In a real-world environment, there are several difficult obstacles to overcome in classification. Those obstacles are data overlapping and skewness of data distribution. Overlapping data occur when many data from different classes overlap with each other; this condition often occurs when there are many classes in a data set. On other hand, skewness of data distribution occurs when the data distribution is not a Gaussian (normal) distribution. To overcome these two problems, a new method called Adaptive Fuzzy-Neuro Generalized Learning Vector Quantization using PI membership function (AFNGLVQ-PI) is proposed in this study. AFNGLVQ-PI is derived from Fuzzy-Neuro Generalized Learning Vector Quantization using the PI membership function (FNGLVQ-PI). In FNGLVQ-PI, the updated values for minimum and maximum variables in the fuzzy membership function are set based on the mean of the updated values. Whereas, in the newly proposed AFNGLVQ-PI, updated values for minimum, maximum, and mean variables are derived based on the differential equations to approximate the data distribution better. In this study, the newly proposed AFNGLVQ-PI algorithm was tested and verified on twelve different data sets. Two of the data sets are synthetic data sets where we could compare the performance of the data sets in different overlapping conditions and levels of skewness. The rest of the data sets were chosen and used as a benchmark to compare the performance of the proposed algorithm. In the experiment, AFNGLVQ-PI took first place in 18 out of 29 experiments. Furthermore, AFNGLVQ-PI also achieved positive improvements for all data sets used in the experiments, which could not be achieved by the Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ), Generalized Learning Vector Quantization (GLVQ), and other commonly used algorithms, such as SVM, kNN, and MLP.

Cibiru is one of the sub-districts in the east of the city of Bandung and located at the foot of Mount Manglayang, has been blessed with various kinds of extraordinary natural, cultural and craft resources. Natural wealth in the form of hilly areas, agricultural plantations and abundant water resources. Some areas have also been arranged in such a way by the relevant parties from what were originally in the form of shrubs to green open spaces and beautiful gardens which can also be used for tourism activities. In addition, this sub-district also has the largest arts and culture group in the city of Bandung, which maintains many traditions and cultures that have been passed down from generation to generation and maintains the typical arts of West Java such as Silat, Benjang, Reak and so on. Tourism activities in Cibiru have not been managed properly because there is no legal management to carry out tourism activities. In addition to the absence of mapping and packaging of tourism potential that is owned so that it does not yet have a selling value that can provide economic benefits for the surrounding community. This service activity is carried out as part of an effort to help empower the community so that all tourism potential that is owned can provide great value for the community. The activities carried out are in the form of tourism management training and workshop activities to identify superior tourism potential so that a mapping of tourism potential is obtained as outlined in a tourist map as well as making simple tour packages that can be used as basic capital in marketing tourism potential