Not only does Islam teach how to strengthen the faith, but it also teaches how a development of the culture is built. This makes sense because Islam came to the Arab society that was not an empty civilization. They had already a complete and noble culture, so the preliminary faith expression of Islam was often related to certain tradition. This what so called cultural hybridization occurred mostly in the early beginning of Islam. This condition was somehow covered by political interests and/or conflicts among sahabat, even though at that time the development of the culture was continuously going on.

Land changes become oil palm plantations accused of contributing greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) included in the mineral soil, therefore it is very important to gather information in mineral soil CO2 emissions to support mitigation and adaption to climate change. This purpose of this research determine the CO2 emissions in the oil palm plantations planted crops in the vegetative stage and generative phase, as well as to determine the ratio of CO2 emissions in the oil palm plantations planted crops in the vegetative stage and generative phase. This research was conducted in November 2015 to February 2016 in Subdistrict of Tambang, District of Kampar, Province Riau. The method used in this research was Random Block Design with four treatments and replications. The treatments were oil palm-bera, oil palm-corn, oil palm-soy bean, oil palm-intercropping corn soy bean. The research showed that CO2 emissions in the oil palm plantation intercropped with crops (corn and soybeans) in the vegetative phase showed no significantly different. Comparison large of CO2 emissions indicated oil palm-corn vegetative phase.

Permasalahan yang melatarbelakangi dari penelitian ini adalah masih kurangnya penguasaan keterampilan dasar sepakbola dan belum adanya tes keterampilan dasar sepakbola pemain SSB Unibraw 82 Kota Malang kelompok usia 15-16 tahun. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan teknik dasar bermain sepakbola yang dimiliki oleh pemain SSB Unibraw 82 Kota Malang kelompok usia 15-16 tahun.Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Subjek penelitian pada penelitian ini sebanyak 27 pemain SSB Unibraw 82 Kota Malang kelompok usia 15-16 tahun. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan instrumen tes. Analisis data pada penelitian ini menggunakan analisis distribusi persentase.Hasil analisis data pada pemain SSB Unibraw 82 Kota Malang kelompok usia 15-16 tahun antara lain: (1) Keterampilan passing & stopping  berada pada kategori sedang dengan persentase 48 persen (2) Keterampilan dribbling berada pada kategori baik dengan persentase 48 persen (3) Keterampilan heading berada pada kategori sedang dengan persentase 41 persen (4) Keterampilan shooting berada pada kategori kurang dengan persentase 57 persen. Berdasarkan analisis data, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan teknik dasar sepakbola pada pemain SSB Unibraw 82 Kota Malang kelompok usia 15-16 tahun rata-rata memiliki kemampuan pada kategori “sedang”. Oleh karena itu, peneliti menyarankan kepada pemain untuk melakukan latihan secara rutin agar kemampuan teknik dasar yang dimiliki dapat meningkat.

<p><em>This article aims to explain the history of the inculturation process of clean culture through toilets in the twentieth century Surakarta society. The methodology used in this research is historical method using critical historical approach. Using this method, the authors analyze the process of using toilet in a holistic manner, the toilet that is not affected by the socio-political practices. The phenomena are analyzed by using the theory of hegemony Gramsci and the theory of inculturation. The result of this research is that the emergence of the concept of toilet brings a change in the standard of healthy life among the Javanese people. It bears new cultural values, e.g. the value of modesty and embarrassment that have not recognized by the Javanese people before. It also promotes the concept of privacy body that makes the birth of social stratification.</em></p>

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