<p class="06IsiAbstrak"><span lang="EN-GB">Problermatika penentuan penentuan hilal awal bulan Hijriyah terutama awal Ramadhan, Syawal dan Dzulihijjah hingga sekarang masih belum terpecahkan. Problem ini muncul dari bentuk dan corak pemahaman teks-teks hadis nabi SAW tentang Rukyat <em>al hilal </em>yang bervariasi matannya. Salah satu bentuk intepretasi teks hadis tersebut adalah metode Rukyat <em>bi al Fi’li</em> ya<span>n</span>g dilakukan de<span>n</span>g<span>a</span>n carameli<span>h</span>at <span>h</span>il<span>a</span>l ketikamata<span>h</span>ariter<span>b</span>e<span>n</span>amdi  ak<span>h</span>ir<span>b</span>ula<span>n Qamariah</span>.<span>Bentuk Intepretasi lain adalah metode Rukyat <em>bi al ‘ilmi</em> atau h</span>i<span>s</span>abyang merupakan bentuk<span>p</span>e<span>r</span><span>h</span>itu<span>n</span>gan <span>po</span><span>s</span>i<span>s</span>i dan keti<span>n</span>g<span>g</span>ian <span>h</span>ilal srcara matematis <span>s</span>aatmata<span>h</span>ari ter<span>b</span>e<span>n</span>am. Jika<span>h</span>ilal tidakda<span>p</span>at terli<span>h</span>at kare<span>n</span>a cuaca maka<span>b</span>ulan disempurnakanme<span>n</span>jadi 30<span>h</span>ari.Teori <span>s</span>e<span>p</span>erti i<span>n</span>i d<span>a</span><span>p</span>at di<span>s</span>e<span>b</span>ut de<span>n</span>gani<span>s</span>tikmal.Cara lain dapat ditempuh dengan cara mengkira- kirakan posisi hilal, teori ini diesebut dengan <em>faqduru lahu. </em>Namun pada implemantasi teks hadis <em>rukyat al hilal</em>, khususnya di Indonesia masih terkesan terkotak-kotakan. Rukyat <em>bi al fi’li</em> adalah tradisi NU dan rukat <em>bi al ‘ilmi</em> adalah tradisi Muhammadiyah, seolah teks hadis nabi sudang terkaplingkan untuk kedua ormas besar tersebut. Penulis menawarkan alternatif pemahaman  hadis tersebut dengan teori hermeneutika dan teori dekonstruksi.</span></p>

This research begins with criticizing radical and terrorism issues which are often directed at Muslims. This, of course, injures the authority of Muslims in the eyes of other religions. Many people use the guise of Islam to destroy Islam. This problem then needs to be addressed by returning to the source of the Islamic education system and curriculum, it is called Islamic boarding school. YPMI Al Firdaus boarding school in Semarang, have produced graduates who master religious knowledge in depth. In addition, the students are provided with learning books related to morals, fiqh and Sufism, so it is hoped that this Islamic boarding school will give birth to qualified Islamic generations, able to stem the flow of religious radicalism in the midst of a pluralistic Indonesian society. This type of research is descriptive qualitative field research. The results of this study then show that the YPMI Al Firdaus students with a complete understanding of Islam despite the variety of regions of origin, language and culture are able to apply the values of the pesantren and apply the principles of peace both within the Islamic boarding school and in the surrounding community.

A good understanding of the labeling of the positions of celestial bodies, including the Sun, in a horizontal coordinate system, is absolutely necessary as a basis for understanding astronomy and astrophysics. The existence of media that can be used to provide simulations of the celestial sphere and its coordinate system is very important to support the learning process. Through this quantitative descriptive statistical research with One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design, it can be shown that the use of Digistar 6-Based Planetarium as an educational medium can improve students' understanding of the position of the Sun in a horizontal coordinate system. The increase in understanding was marked by an increase in the average percentage of correct answers from pretest to posttest by 32.89%, an increase in the percentage of minimum and maximum correct answers by 54% and 60%, respectively, and an increase in the number of passes in the PAP version by 53.34%.

This article was motivated by the fact that most observers in Indonesia are inconsistent in determining the theoretical and practical beginning of the Hijri month. They only consider the aspect of the height of hilâl, but ignore the angle of elongation during the process of observing hilâl. This inconsistency occurs in the theory and practice reflected in the Decision of the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia. Based on this case, the authors want to analyze the decision, especially the data on the testimony stating that the new moon (hilâl) can be successfully seen, as received from 1962 - 2021 M. The type of research used is qualitative and descriptive using the data analysis technique adapted from the Millis and Huberman theory to obtain the data classification of that decision by using the scientific cum doctrine approach. The results of this study are first; the number of ithbât maṣlaḥî reached 45% and ithbât takâmulî reached 55% of all decrees of the Minister of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia. Second; to minimize the number of ithbât maṣlaḥî, a theory of the selection of the hilâl testimony is needed, which is known as the M2P theory.

This research focuses on optimalization of Islamic boarding school "pesantren" education. There is one important element that has faded from "pesantren", it is the mastering and understanding of kitab kuning. No more than 15% who can master the kitab kuning well, especially for students who study in modern pesantren. The author is aware of this condition during the placement test at one of the pesantren YPMI Al Firdaus in Semarang, Central Java, for prospective students "maha santri" who have gotten scholarships from the ministry of religion affairs. So the writer in this case will provide some concepts and ideas in order to revitalize the kitab kuning studying at pesantren based on unity of science with qualitative field research.