A high index of suspicion is necessary for the diagnosis of large bowel obstruction in pregnancy especially in women with previous history of abdominal or pelvic surgery. Colonoscopy is helpful avoiding radiation to foetus and mother. Prompt surgical intervention reduces risks and maximises chances for a favourable outcome for both mother and child.

Long-term survival data support LS as a safe, effective alternative to conventional surgery for treating potentially curative colorectal cancer. However, the higher cumulative recurrence associated with LS in the colonic cancer group needs further research into its underlying cause.

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Objective: To examine the prevalence and associated risk factors of contrast induced nephropathy in patients undergoing multi-vessel percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Study Design: Prospective/Observational Place and Duration: The study was conducted at the cardiology department of DHQ Teaching Hospital, Sargodha and Wazirabad Institute of Cardiology, Wazirabad for duration of six months from October 2020 to March 2021. Methods: Total 135 patients of both genders with ages 20 to 80 years undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention were enrolled in this study. Patients’ detailed demographics were recorded after written consent. Contrast induced nephropathy was defined as serum creatinine >0.5mg/dl from baseline value. Risk factors associated with CIN were examined; Data was analyzed by SPSS 23.0. Results: Out of 130 patients 90 (66.7%) were males while 45 (33.3%) were females with mean age 54.87±12.44 years. We found contrast induced nephropathy in 27 (20%) patients. Anemia, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, contrast volume >150ml, congestive heart failure and age >70 years were significantly associated risk factors of contrast induced nephropathy with p-value <0.05. Conclusion: It is concluded that the incidence of contrast induced nephropathy in patients undergoing PCI is high. Significant risk factors for CIN were anemia, age >70 years, diabetes mellitus, contrast volume >150ml and heart failure. Keywords: Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Contrast Induced Nephropathy, Risk Factors.

Introduction: Early intervention among patients with prediabetes can prevent ordelay diabetes. Moreover, regression from prediabetes to normal glucose regulation has beenassociated with reduction in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Estimate of prevalence of thiscondition is vital as diabetes is now a global epidemic requiring steps towards its prevention.Study Design: Descriptive study. Setting: Fatima Memorial Hospital & Medical & Dental CollegeLahore. Period: 1st February 2016 till 1st February 2017. Objective: To determine the prevalenceof pre-diabetes and associated risk factors and demographic features in our local populationusing HbA1c as a screening test. Material and Methods: The study population includes adults18 years and above who reported in hospital outdoor as well as employees, faculty membersand students. Subjects were included in the study after taking written consent. The statisticalanalysis was performed on SPSS version 23. Results: The number of subjects included was400. 138(34%) had HbA1c value in prediabetic range (5.7-6.4%) and 56 (14%) in diabetic range(>6.4%). Mean age of prediabetics was 41± 13, 34% were males and 66% were females, 27%were in age group less than 30 years. Their mean HbA1c was 5.9%. Above normal body massindex (BMI) was reported in 128 (93%) and positive family history of diabetes mellitus (DM) in135 (98 %) subjects (P value: 0.00). All females with history of Polycystic Ovarian Syndromeand Gestational Diabetes showed prediabetes. Conclusion: The prevalence of prediabetes issignificant in our studied population. It has strong association with family history of diabetes andabove normal BMI values. There are also a significant number of undiagnosed asymptomaticdiabetics in our population.