To find out the frequency of work, related to Low Back Pain (LBP) among physical therapist of tertiary care hospital of Karachi. To analyze the effects of physical activity level, sub-specialty areas and Body Mass Index (BMI) on Work Related Low Back Pain (WRLBP) as well. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with non-probability convenience sampling technique was used. The study included 265 Physical Therapist working in Tertiary Care Hospitals of Karachi. Data was collected throughpre-tested, structured and self-administered questionnaire and then,wasanalyzed on SPSS version 17. This study reported that prevalence of WRLBP was 66.4%. The rate was higher in femalephysiotherapist, that is, 42.6%. Data revealed that, 69% of respondents experienced WRLBP within 2 years of their practices. Moreover, the manual therapy was found to be the most common cause for WRLBP. No significant association was found between BMIand physical activitylevel of physical therapist, but interestingly, it was found that sub-specialty area of work was correlated with WRLBP. The rate of WRLBP has been found to be high in physical therapists due to their profession. It is therefore, required to build up an effective ergonomic strategy, strengthen training for prevention at undergraduate level in order to reduce and prevent WRLBP.

BACKGROUND Fibromyalgia (FM) frequently termed as fibrositis is a discomforting rheumatic syndrome which is associated with spasm, localize and palpable tenderness, chronic fatigue, headache, depression and bowel symptoms. The use of electro physical agents in order to treat FM is still a growing concern. A systematic review was executed to appraise the use of different electro physical agents in FM. METHODS Seventy three articles were reviewed including RCTS, Clinical trials and Experimental studies, highlighting the use of electro physical agents and comparing them with each other. CONCLUSION Fibromyalgia is a syndrome is challenging to comprehend and treat effectively. Patients are looking for substitution therapies due to ineffectiveness and dissatisfaction to the conventional and therapies in trend. Although many results have been found in favor of using different modalities related to physical therapy treatment for FM still specific use of modalities like TENS, biofeedback, magneto and electromagnetic therapies is still a question. Treatment should be given according to the need of patient, targeted symptoms and functional impairments. KEY WORDS Fibromyalgia, TENS, IFC, Heat, Cold, Laser, Ultrasound

Background An alarming trend of sustained physical inactivity has been observed among women in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas, mainly due to the lack of time and high cost of gym facilities. Although physical activity essentially contributes to disease prevention, evidence supporting time-efficient exercise on anthropometric measures is limited. This study aimed to identify the effectiveness of interval-based high-intensity circuit training (HICT) on anthropometric measures and the nature of the relationship between these measures. Methods A single-group, quasi-experimental study was conducted in the community park of Ziauddin Hospital at Sikandarabad. Sixty women who were overweight and had sedentary lifestyles were recruited for a six-week HICT-based program conducted at 85%–95% maximum heart rate (MHR) on every alternate day. Outcome measures were assessed at baseline and at 6-weeks including anthropometric parameters (body mass index [BMI], body fat percentage [BF%], and waist-to-hip ratio [WHR]). Results The six-week HICT-based program demonstrated a significant reduction in BMI (p<0.001), BF% (p<0.001), and WHR (p<0.001). Reductions in the BMI mean from 27.3±1.3 to 25.1±1.4 and BF% mean from 31.9±2.3 to 27.6±2.4 were observed following 18 sessions of HICT. The effect of age on BF% and WHR was linearly significant (p<0.001) with increasing age (BF%) and WHR. Conclusion Interval-based HICT was an effective exercise regimen for improving BMI, BF%, and WHR. Furthermore, the exercise protocol was feasible and well tolerated, with no reported adverse events, and it could be easily implemented in real-world community settings. BF% and WHR were significantly influenced by increasing age; therefore, our findings support the importance of exercise implementation, especially with increasing age, for the maintenance of a disease-free healthy lifestyle.

Besides many other health related fields, Physical therapy is expected to grow with an average rate of 40% in 20171. New generation entering in the field of physiotherapy are experiencing revolutionary changes. Integumentary rehabilitation is one of undergoing radical changes as the research work is revealing the anonymities of complex manners of the wound healing, tissue reparation, deprivation and revival of tissues.Evidence-based practices bring innovation and new technologies helping in the wound healing, but it is an ignored field in Pakistan, where physiotherapists lack in knowledge of Integumentary rehabilitation. Rehabilitationteams are working for about five decades on the dynamic changes occurring in wound careconcept2.

Globally, cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of mortality and it is estimated that CVD is a cause of approximately 29.6% of all the deaths worldwide. According to a research published in 2015 in American journal of Cardiology it is a time to “rebrand and reinvigorate” the cardiac rehabilitation program as the existing program appears to be neither financially practicable nor maintainable mainly due to affordability barriers. A Quasi experimental study was conducted on 40 participants whom were diagnosed with cardiovascular disease with comorbidities (diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia). Participants were asked to enroll in phase-II cardiac rehabilitation program on the recommendation of the cardiologist and were given intervention based on the guideline of American College of Sports medicine. Six weeks of supervised exercise protocol was conducted and its dosage was measured via Frequency, Intensity, Time and Type (FITT) protocol. While for determining the potency of phase-II Cardiac Rehabilitation program assessment of the outcome measures were made after every sessions and the results obtained from the assessment had revealed that for a CVD patients with diabetes 24 hours of exercise which would be performed for not less than four weeks provides a maximal result which carried on for further two weeks whereas for CVD patients with Dyslipidemia 20 hours of exercise had provided a desired result carried on for the remaining weeks. The study concluded that exercises based cardiac rehabilitation had a significant impact in improving the patient condition where a six week of training protocol improves the outcome measures included in the study.