Background: Tuberculosis is a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These pathogenic bacteria attack the lungs and other body organs. The TB incidence rate in Indonesia determines the third highest in the world after India and China. Estimated every year an estimated 528,000 new TB cases with approximately 91,000 deaths. Purpose: The aims of this study was to determine the characteristics of tuberculosis sufferers in Ibnu Sina Hospital in the period January-December 2018. Methods: This research examines research using observational research by looking at secondary data from the medical records of Ibnu Sina Hospital . The population was 53 patients, taking a sample using the total sampling method. The study was conducted in January 2020 at Ibnu Sina Hospital. Data were analyzed electronically using Microsoft Excel 2016 computer software with a descriptive display and presented in tabular form. Patients with Tuberculosis were obtained (63,75%) and women (36,25%). Result: Terms of BMI obtained underweight sufferers (52,5%), normal (36,25%), overweight (7,5%), and obecitas 1 (3,75%). Of the age categories ≤ 5-14 years (5%), 15-24 years (16,25%), 25-44 years (21,25%), 45-64 years (36,25%), dan ≥ 65 years (21,25%). Based on the occupational groups obtained by employees (12,5%), self-employed (8,75%), laborers (21,25%), IRT (27,5%), students (10%), civil servants (1,25%), lecturer (1,25%), retired (1,25%), fisherman (1,25 %) and unemployed (13,75%). Conclusion: The criteria for tuberculosis sufferers from this study came fromgender. The scales of males were more than females, in terms of age at most at age  45-64 years, from IMT the most tuberculosis patients were thin, and from work suffered more by housewives and laborers.Keywords: tuberculosis, gender, body mass index, age, work ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Tuberkulosis merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Bakteri patogen ini menyerang paru-paru dan organ tubuh lainnya.. Angka kejadian TB di Indonesia menempati urutan ketiga terbanyak di dunia setelah India dan Cina. Diperkirakan setiap tahun terdapat 528.000 kasus TB baru dengan kematian sekitar 91.000 orang. Tujuan: untuk mengetahui gambaran karakteristik penderita Tuberkulosis RS Ibnu Sina periode Januari-Desember 2018. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan pendekatan observasional dengan melihat data sekunder dari rekam medik RS Ibnu Sina. Jumlah populasi adalah 53 pasien, pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode total sampling. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Januari 2020 di RS.Ibnu Sina. Data dianalisa secara elektronik menggunakan perangkat lunak komputer program Microsoft Excel 2016 dengan tampilan deskriptif dan disajikan dalam bentuk tabel. Hasil: Didapatkan Penderita Tuberculosis laki-laki (63,75%) dan perempuan (36,25%). Dari segi IMT didapatkan penderita underweight (52,5%), normal (36,25%), overweight (7,5%), dan obesitas 1 (3,75%). Dari kategori umur ≤ 5-14 tahun (5%), 15-24 tahun (16,25%), 25-44 tahun (21,25%), 45-64 tahun (36,25%), dan ≥ 65 tahun (21,25%). Berdasarkan kelompok pekerjaan didapatkan karyawan (12,5%), wiraswasta (8,75%), buruh (21,25%), IRT (27,5%), pelajar / mahasiswa (10%), PNS (1,25%), dosen (1,25%), pensiunan (1,25%), nelayan (1,25%), dan yang tidak bekerja (13,75%).  Simpulan: Kriteria penderita Tuberculosis dari penelitian ini didapatkan dari jenis kelamin menunjukkan laki-laki lebih banyak dari perempuan, dari segi umur paling banyak pada usia 45-64 tahun, dari IMT paling banyak penderita Tuberculosis yang underweight, dan dari pekerjaan lebih banyak diderita oleh ibu rumah tangga dan buruh.Kata Kunci: tuberculosis, jenis kelamin, indeks massa tubuh, umur, pekerjaan

Latar Belakang: Imobilisasi, keterbatasan fisik menggerakan anggota tubuh. Penyebab tersering imobilisasi adalah kelainan neuromuskuler dan cedera yang membutuhkan tirah baring lama atau posisi statik dalam waktu lama. Imobilisasi oleh tirah baring lama menghasilkan gejala klinis disebut dekondisi fisik (deconditioning). Isi: Tujuan layanan rehabilitasi medik memperbaiki fungsi fisik, psikososial dari tiap individu dengan penyakit kronik dan kecacatan untuk mencapai tingkat optimal dari kemandirian. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, dibuat diagnosis fungsional dan tata-laksana terhadap kelainan fungsional dan juga mengevaluasi komplikasi yang berpotensi dapat menambah masalah ataupun kecacatan. Pencegahan dan penatalaksanaan komplikasi merupakan prinsip dasar rehabilitasi yang profesional. Kesimpulan: Perubahan yang terjadi dari sistem tubuh akibat imobilisasi, meliputi sistem muskuloskeletal, kardiovaskuler, respirasi, integumen, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, metabolik dan nutrisi, endokrin, neurologik, emosional dan intelektual. Berbagai sistem tersebut berubah karena imobilisasi, kemudian menimbulkan keadaan dekondisi fisik dalam sistem tersebut. Perubahan yang terjadi pada sistem dapat dicegah serta dilakukan penatalaksanaan yang sesuai pada sistem tersebut.

Introduction: High Body Mass Index (BMI) correlates with mortality and morbidity in the elderly. High BMI also correlates with limited physical function. Another issue faced by the elderly is frailty, which is associatedwith decreased exercise capacity, reduced muscle strength, and decreased bone mass leading to detrimental outcomes including falls, hospitalization, disability and death. Physical frailty is highly prominent for the elderlywho is living in nursing homes. The aim of this study is to determine the correlation between BMI and frailty on Activities of Daily Living (ADL) among the elderly in the nursing home.Methods: This study was conducted in 3 nursing homes in South Sulawesi. Frailty was assessed by Edmonton Frail Scale (EFS), while ADL was assessed by Barthel Index (BI). Data were managed using SPSS 25 programand Pearson test was used to analyze correlation between BMI and frailty to ADL.Results: There were 30 participants, consisting of males 10 (33.3%), and females 20 (66.7%) with a median age of 72 years old, included in this study. The median BMI was 20.4 (13.3-29.2) kg/m2. The median result of EFSwas 5.5 (2-12). The median BI result was 92.5 (45-100). BMI have insignificant correlation with ADL (r = 0.196; p = 0.298), frailty have negative strong correlation with ADL (r = -0.738; p = 0.000).Conclusion: There was no significant correlation between BMI and ADL. Otherwise, frailty and ADL have a strong correlation among the elderly in the nursing home.Keywords: activities of daily living, body mass index, elderly, frailty, nursing home

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI), is caused by pathogen bacteria, such as: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus sp. The emergence of antibiotic resistance, leads to treatment failure in some cases. One strategy to overcome this is using alternative therapies, one of them by using herbal plants, namely garlic (Allium sativum) which has antimicrobial effects. Aim: To determine the effectiveness of garlic extract against bacteria that causes UTI. Methods: The study used experimental in vitro method; Using garlic extract with 50% & 80% (5 & 8 gr garlic extract in 10 mL aquades as a solvent) concentration and amoxicillin as positive control which then dripped on the medium growth of bacteria's culture, then measured diameter of the minimum inhibit zone that formed. Results: The inhibitory zone diameter of 50% garlic extract showed intermediate results in Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a diameter of 13.17 mm, and is not sensitive to other bacteria. Concentration at 80% showed sensitive results in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli with diameter 17.27 mm & 15.5 mm, the result is almost equivalent compared with amoxicillin, with diameter 20.38 mm & 24.23 mm. Conclusion: Garlic extracted with 80% concentration has antimicrobial effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli.