A recent modeling study estimated that there could be as many as 20,000 human melioidosis cases per year in Indonesia, with around 10,000 potential deaths annually. Nonetheless, the true burden of melioidosis in Indonesia is still unknown. The Indonesia Melioidosis Network was formed during the first melioidosis workshop in 2017. Here, we reviewed 101 melioidosis cases (99 human and two animal cases) previously reported and described an additional 45 human melioidosis cases. All 146 culture-confirmed cases were found in Sumatra (n = 15), Java (n = 104), Kalimantan (n = 15), Sulawesi (n = 11) and Nusa Tenggara (n = 1). Misidentification of Burkholderia pseudomallei was not uncommon, and most cases were only recently identified. We also evaluated clinical manifestations and outcome of recent culture-confirmed cases between 2012 and 2017 (n = 42). Overall, 15 (36%) cases were children (age <15 years) and 27 (64%) were adults (age ≥15 years). The overall mortality was 43% (18/42). We conducted a survey and found that 57% (327/548) of healthcare workers had never heard of melioidosis. In conclusion, melioidosis is endemic throughout Indonesia and associated with high mortality. We propose that top priorities are increasing awareness of melioidosis amongst all healthcare workers, increasing the use of bacterial culture, and ensuring accurate identification of B. pseudomalleiand diagnosis of melioidosis.

To understand the relationship between the gut microbiota and the health profile of Indonesians, it is important to elucidate the characteristics of the bacterial communities that prevail in this population. To this end, we profiled the faecal bacterial community of 140 Indonesian schoolchildren in urban Makassar. The core microbiota of Indonesian schoolchildren consisted of Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, and multiple members of the Lachnospiraceae and Ruminicoccaceae families, but the relative abundance of these taxa varied greatly among children. Socioeconomic status (SES) was the main driver for differences in microbiota composition. Multiple bacterial genera were differentially abundant between high and low SES children, including Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Prevotella, and Escherichia-Shigella. In addition, the microbiota of high SES children was less diverse and strongly associated with body mass index (BMI). In low SES children, helminth infection was prevalent and positively associated with Olsenella, Enterohabdus, Lactobacillus, and Mogibacterium abundance, while negatively associated with relative abundance of Prevotella. Protozoa infection was also prevalent, and positively associated with Rikenellaceae, while it was negatively associated with the relative abundance of Romboutsia and Prevotella. In conclusion, Indonesian schoolchildren living in urban Makassar share a core microbiota, but their microbiota varies in diversity and relative abundance of specific bacterial taxa depending on socioeconomic status, nutritional status, and intestinal parasites infection.

Abstrak. Buah naga merah merupakan komoditas yang baru dikembangkan di Wasile Timur. Ketertarikan petani dalam mengusahakan buah naga merah selain karena ingin memanfaatkan tanah yang sudah dimiliki petani juga dikarenakan adanya peluang pasar buah naga merah yang masih terbuka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui analisis SWOT sebagai strategi perkembangan usahatani buah naga merah (Hylocereus Costaricensis) di Kecamatan Wasile Timur. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian survey dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Populasi penelitian yaitu masyarakat yang berusahatani buah naga merah di Kecamatan Wasile Timur. Untuk mengetahui strategi pengembangan Buah Naga Merah di Kecamatan Wasile Timur Kabupaten Halmahera Timur, dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities. dan Threats). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian strategi perkembangan usahatani buah naga merah (Hylocereus Costaricensis), dari hasil identifikasi analisis SWOT faktor internal terhadap lima kekuatan dan lima kelemahan, sementara pada faktor lingkungan eksternal terdapat lima peluang dan lima ancaman. Perpaduan nilai IFAS sebesar 2,94 dan nilai EFAS sebesar 3,04. Dalam diagram SWOT menunjukan bahwa posisi strategi perkembangan usahatani buah naga merah terletak pada kuadran 1atau strategi yang dibuat dengan menggunakan seluruh kekuatan untuk memanfaatkan peluang strategi agresif yaitu strategi ini menjukan situasi yang sangat menguntungkan. Pengembangan buah naga merah di Kecamatan Wasile Timur memiliki kekuatan dan peluang yang sifatnya menyatu dan saling mendukung dengan cara menggunakan faktor semua kekuatan untuk memanfaatkan peluang yang ada..

Abstrak. Desa Gorua, Kecamatan Tobelo Utara merupakan salah satu daerah di Maluku Utara yang dikenal sebagai penghasil ubi kayu. Meski bernilai ekonomis tinggi ubi kayu merupakan salah satu komoditas pertanian yang memiliki risiko, baik risiko produksi, biaya maupun pendapatan. Risiko produksi berdampak pada kegagalan panen atau penurunan jumlah panen dari hasil yang diharapkan. Risiko biaya mencakup pada besarnya biaya produksi yang dikeluarkan dalam usahatani. Risiko pendapatan mencakup fluktuasi harga jual dan kenaikan harga input produksi.Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menganalisis usahatani dan risiko biaya, risiko produksi serta risiko pendapatan tanaman ubi kayu di Desa Gorua Kecamatan Tobelo Utara. Metode analisis menggunakan analisis usahatani dan analisis risiko. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ratarata biaya produksi petani ubi kayu sebesar Rp. 1.633.090 dan rata-rata pendapatan sebesar Rp. 7.298.727 per musim tanam serta risiko tertinggi terdapat pada risiko biaya dengan nilai koefisien variasi sebesar 6,45. Sedangkan tingkat risiko terkecil terdapat pada risiko pendapatan dengan nilai koefisien variasinya sebesar 0,35 dan risiko produksi yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan risiko biaya dengan nilai koefisien variasi sebesar 2,61. Sukabumi, Skripsi Fakultas Pertanian, IPB Bogor Salvatore, D (1997).

Objective The burden of underweight remains a major problem in Indonesia, and at the same time, the prevalence of overweight is increasing. Malnutrition is a major determinant of health and has been linked to allergic disorders in children. We examined the relationship between malnutrition and TH2 immune markers in school‐aged children in Makassar, Indonesia. Methods A cross‐sectional study was performed in five schools where socio‐demographic characteristics were recorded. Children’s standardised z‐scores of body mass index (z‐BMI) and age‐standardised z‐scores of height (z‐HA) were assessed using WHO child growth standards. Skin prick test (SPT) reactivity was determined to house dust mite allergens. Helminth infection status, (growth) hormones including insulin‐like growth factor (IGF‐1) and TH2 immune markers were measured. Results In total, 954 children were included of whom 21.6% were underweight and 14.8% overweight. After controlling for confounders, overweight was positively associated with leptin (GMR 3.55, 95% CI: 2.99–4.23) and IGF‐1 (GMR 1.45, 95% CI: 1.15–1.82), whereas underweight was negatively associated (respectively GMR 0.57, 95% CI: 0.49–0.66 and GMR 0.78, 95% CI: 0.63–0.97). Underweight was associated with a lower eosinophil count (GMR 0.79, 95% CI: 0.64–0.97) but not with total IgE levels or SPT reactivity. Overweight was positively associated with SPT reactivity (adjusted OR 2.68, 95% CI: 1.50–4.78) but no relationship was found with the other TH2 immune markers. Conclusion Malnutrition is prominent in school‐aged children in Makassar, with overweight associated with increased SPT reactivity. Therefore, interventions should focus on undernutrition, but also on overweight to prevent the increase of allergic disorders in Indonesia.