Highlights Drawbacks of chemical fertilizers have attracted the attention of farmers toward biofertilizers. Nitrogen fixer Azotobacter SR-4 and phosphorus solubilizer Asphergillus Niger were produced and observed to be efficient biofertilzers. A significant increase in yield parameters were observed when these biofertilizers were evaluated on Bottle gourd and okra. In conclusion, biofertilizers or microbial inoculants could be used as an alternate source, which are both cost-effective as well as eco-friendly.

The current study is a retrospective epidemic report regarding dengue fever (DF) virus infection cases (2017) from fifteen districts of KPK, Pakistan. Medical records of 120 948 patients were reviewed retrospectively for demographic, clinical and laboratory data. The presence of dengue infection was confirmed by NS1-ELISA and RT-PCR, respectively. The total positive cases (of suspected DF samples) were 24 938 (20.6%), whereas seventy cases (0.28%) had a fatal outcome. Mean age ± SD of the dengue patients was 26 ± 19.8 years, while; the most affected age group was from 16 to 30 years (Chi-square: 12 820.125, p: 0.00). The infected males were 65.3%, and that of the female was 34.7%. All the dengue-infected patients were observed with symptoms of severe fever (100%), body aches (95%), gums and nose bleeding (5%), skin rashes (30%), vomiting (70%). The highest infection rate was found in district Peshawar and that of the lowest was in Bannu, Hungu and Luki Marwat. A high rate of dengue infection was found in post-monsoon months i.e. October (41%) and September (32%) of the year. The results proved that if the dengue outbreaks reveal further in KPK, it could alarmingly increase the mortality rate. Therefore, the Department of Public Health in KPK, Pakistan may take proper measures to avoid and control dengue epidemics in the future. K e y w o r d s: Dengue fever, infection, IDSRS, KPK, patients, symptoms, climate Abdullah et al. 1 116 this country is facing some terrible epidemics of dengue accompanied by substantial human health issues and deaths. Local transmission of dengue has been reported since it would also have an important role in the reintroduction of the disease. The recent largest dengue pandemics were recorded for the first time in Lahore (2011) with 22 562 cases and 363 fatalities, and for the second time in Swat (2013) causing 8343 morbidities along with 57 deaths. Recently, in 2017 another huge dengue outbreak has been recorded in Peshawar with 23 541 cases (Hurtado-Díaz et al. 2007; Khan et al. 2018a; Rafique et al. 2018). Therefore, the present study is conducted for the recent outbreaks occurred in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan in 2017. Experimental Materials and Methods Study area. The study was performed in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), the Northwest province of Pakistan. According to 2017 census, its total area is 74 521 km 2 and population is 30.523 million. The province shares boundaries with Afghanistan to the northwest, Gilgit-Baltistan to the northeast , Ex-Federal Administrative Tribal Areas (Ex-FATA) to the west and south, Azad Jammu and Kashmir to the east, Baluchistan to the south, and Islamabad Capital of the Country and Punjab to the SouthEast. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is the third highest important populated region of the country (Khan et al. 2017). Data collection. The study was a retrospective epidemic report regarding DF virus infection cases from fifteen districts of KPK, Pakistan. The data was collected from the Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response System (IDSRS) Directorate General...

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