a b s t r a c tThe objective of this work was to evaluate carbon turnover and half-life in feces and blood from sheep fed on C 3 and C 4 plant diets, using the stable isotope technique. Eight Santa Ines sheep were randomly distributed between two treatments: the first consisted of animals that were fed alfalfa hay, and the second consisted of animals that were fed corn silage only. Function of time was used to measure carbon turnover rate. At steady state, the half life for carbon isotopic enrichment between food and feces is 1.2 and 1.0 days for alfalfa hay and corn silage treatments, respectively. For blood data collection the time was insufficient to reach the isotope equilibrium level, indicating a slow carbon exchange between diet and blood. It is concluded that blood has a slow turnover, indicating the isotope signal for the former diets. Feces, by contrast, have a quick turnover, indicative of their recent diets.
A operação de gradagem é uma técnica bastante utilizada no preparo do solo, devido ao rendimento operacional e à otimização do consumo de combustível durante a atividade, a mesma gera redução nos custos operacionais. Este trabalho teve por objetivo a otimização energética de um trator agrícola, utilizando normas técnicas em operações de gradagem. O experimento foi realizado na área experimental da Fazenda Lageado da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas – FCA da Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, localizada no município de Botucatu-SP. Para tracionar as grades, foi utilizado um trator agrícola 4X2 TDA com potência de 143,4 kw no motor. Os tratamentos foram 3 operações de campo (gradagem pesada, intermediária e leve) e 2 rotações do motor (2200 rpm e 1650rpm), sendo avaliado a velocidade de deslocamento, força de tração, capacidade de campo efetiva, consumo combustível operacional e consumo horário de combustível. Foi possível observar que em todos os tratamentos, a utilização das normas técnicas, segundo a OECD (ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION), otimizou o consumo de combustível do trator agrícola.
Objective: The objective of this experiment was to compare conventional antioxidants and plant extracts for oxidative stress control in lambs fed a high-concentrate diet.Methods: Forty-eight male Dorper×Santa Ines lambs with an initial weight of 20±1.49 kg and 60 days of age, were used to evaluate the effects of feeding a combination of <i>Macleaya cordata</i> and <i>Magnolia officinalis</i> plant extracts (0 vs 320 mg/kg dry matter [DM]) in combination with selenium+vitamin E (0 vs 100 IU/kg DM of vitamin E and 0.1 mg/kg DM of selenium) in a completely randomized block design in a 2×2 factorial arrangement. The animals were housed in individual pens and received a high-concentrate diet consisting of 80% whole corn and 20% protein pellet for 60 days. The animals were weighed at the beginning of the experiment and every 14 days for performance monitoring. Three blood samplings were performed during the experimental period for the evaluation of oxidative and protein parameters.Results: The treatments with vitamin E and selenium as additives had a positive influence on final weight, daily weight gain, carcass weight, and selenium content in longissimus muscle (p = 0.01). Plant extracts tended to improve final weight (p = 0.064) and daily weight gain (p = 0.059), showing similar effect as selenium and vitamin E. There was no effect of treatment on blood proteins, indicating that the animals were healthy throughout the experiment.Conclusion: The use of plant extracts had a similar effect as the addition of selenium and vitamin E, with dietary inclusion of additives resulting in better performance of lambs but both supplements did not have strong influence on oxidative stress.
RESUMO Este trabalho objetivou determinar o turnover do carbono no 2,5; 2,8; 2,9; 4,9; 5,1; 5,5 e 6,0 dias para músculo peitoral; 2,7; 2,9; 3,1; 4,6; 5,3; 4,1 e 8,0 dias para quilha; 4,4; 3,6; 5,4; 5,8; 4,3; 5,2 e 6,3 dias para tíbia e 1,3; 1,9; 1,4; 1,5; 1,9; 1,7 (0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 days old). Either Boltzmann sigmoid regression or the exponential time function were used in order to measure the carbon isotopic turnover in a specifi c period of time. 2.8; 2.9; 4.9; 5.1; 5.5 e 6.0 day on muscle tissue; 2.7; 2.9; 3.1; 4.6; 5.3; 4.1 e 8.0 day on keel; 4.4; 3.6; 5.4; 5.8; 4.3; 5.2 e 6.3 day on tibia and 1.3; 1.9; 1.4; 1.5; 1.9; 1.7
RESUMO: O Brasil é o maior produtor de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp.) do mundo, portanto, o seu cultivo é de grande importância para o agronegócio brasileiro. A mecanização da colheita da cana-de-açúcar se tornou necessária, pois a queima da cultura está, gradativamente, sendo proibida no Brasil e, sem essa prática, o corte manual se torna ineficiente e dispendioso. Com o aumento da colheita mecanizada surgiram as inovações do setor para o aumento do rendimento dessa operação e, nos últimos anos, a tentativa de se desenvolver uma colhedora especifica para duas linhas simultâneas se tornou realidade. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho operacional e energético de duas colhedoras de cana-de-açúcar para uma e duas linhas da cultura, em espaçamento convencional. Os ensaios foram conduzidos em um canavial colhido sem queima prévia, da variedade RB855156, em seu segundo corte, com espaçamento entre linhas de 1,5 m, produtividade agrícola estimada de 83,5 t ha -1 e porte ereto. As colhedoras foram avaliadas em 3 velocidades de deslocamento (2,5 km h -1 , 3,5 km h -1 e 5 km h -1 ) para realizar avaliações do desempenho das máquinas. A média de capacidade de campo efetiva foi de 0,56 ha h -1 para a colhedora de uma linha e de 1,08 ha h -1 para a colhedora de duas linhas, o consumo de combustível por tonelada colhida foi de 0,97 L t -1 para a colhedora de uma linha contra 0,65 L t -1 para a colhedora de duas linhas. Em todos os casos a colhedora de duas linhas apresentou maior eficiência e produtividade do que a de colhedora de uma linha. PALAVRAS-CHAVES:Mecanização Agrícola, consumo de combustível, índice de impureza mineral e vegetal, eficiência, produtividade.ABSTRACT: Brazil is the largest producer of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) in the world, so its cultivation is of great importance for Brazilian agribusiness. The mechanized harvesting of cane sugar has become necessary because the culture of the burning is gradually being banned in Brazil and, without this practice, manual cutting becomes inefficient and costly. With increasing mechanical harvesting, emerged the sector innovations to increase the yield of this operation and, in recent years, the attempt to develop a harvester specifies for two simultaneous rows came true. The aim of this study was to evaluate the operational and energy performance of two harvesters of sugarcane, for one and two rows of planting. The tests were conducted in a sugarcane field of the variety RB855156 harvested without burning, at its second cut, with line spacing of 1.5 m, estimated agricultural productivity of 83.5 t ha -1 . The harvester was evaluated in three forward speeds (2.5 km h -1 , 3,5 km h -1 and 5 km h -1 ) to carry out evaluations of the performance of the machines. The average effective field capacity was 0.56 ha h -1 for one row harvested and 1.08 ha h -1 for two rows harvested, fuel consumption per ton of sugarcane harvested was 0.97 L t -1 for one row and 0.65 L t -1 for two rows. In all cases, the two rows showed higher efficiency and productivity agains...
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