The purpose of this study was to compare the reading skills of fourth graders who were poor readers in different text genres (story and informative text). Fiftysix fourth grade students who were poor readers participated in this study. Reading rates, reading accuracies, reading errors and reading prosody characteristics of the students were examined in the study. The results of the study showed that reading rates of the students were higher in informative text. In addition, reading accuracies of the students were not differentiated according to text genre. The students made more errors of mispronunciation, word insertion, and repetition of word part, self correction, letter insertion-omission, syllable insertion-omission, letter reversing and conversion of the word final in informative text. The big proportions of mispronunciations of the students were reading the word as a visually similar word in both the story (78%) and the informative text (79%). While the students obtained higher expression and volume scores in the informative text, they read the story with a more suitable pace. Keywords: Reading Disability, Reading Fluency, Story, Informational Text
This study examined to what extent pre-service teachers can turn into practice theoretical knowledge and principles they have acquired throughout their 4-year pre-service training during teaching practice. The study was designed on the basis of the qualitative research model and the data was collected through an interview form prepared by using the standardized open-ended interview technique. The sample of the study consisted of 42 senior year students from different departments of the faculty of education at a university in Middle Anatolia, Turkey. The findings of the study showed that teacher candidates couldn't completely put into practice their theoretical knowledge they have learned in the faculty. It is also found that while the subjects participants have turned into practice best were "communication with students" and "classroom management", they generally had some difficulties in turning into practice their theoretical knowledge on the subjects including "the subject area knowledge", "assessment and the monitoring of students' progress" and "planning and the implementation of the teaching-learning process". © 2015 IOJES. All rights reserved Keywords: 1 Pre-service teachers, theoretical knowledge, practical skills, teacher training, theory-practice gap Extended Summary PurposeThe quality of teacher education programs is as important as the quantity of them. To be trained as qualified teachers in pre-service education process, acquiring necessary knowledge, principles, attitudes and understandings related to their field of study and teaching profession is as important as gaining practical abilities or to be able to transform what they know into real learning-teaching situations. One of the most investigated issues in the studies conducted on teacher education is the gap between theory and practice (Allen & Wright, 2014; Allsopp, DeMarie, Alvarez Mchatton & Doone, 2006;Cheng, Cheng & Tang, 2010Hascher, Cocard & Moser, 2004;Korthagen & Kessels, 1999;Standal, Moen & Moe, 2014). Many teacher educators such as Carr (1987), Lenz Taguchi (2007 and Schön (2003) indicated that teaching is a profession in which theory and practice are embedded in each other; therefore separating theory from practice creates a false dichotomy (Cited in Allen, 2009). Thus, it can be said that it is necessary for teacher training programs to focus on practical applications of the learning-teaching process rather than the theory-based preparation (Major & Tiro, 2012). Consequently, the aim of this study is to present to what extent pre-service teachers are able to turn into practice their theoretical knowledge gained throughout the 4-year faculty education. MethodThis study adopted a qualitative research methodology. The case study, which is included in the scope of qualitative research model, was used as the research model. It is a qualitative research method which International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 2015, 7 (2), 265 -282 266 investigates a fact in the context of real life and examines situations related to this...
Öz. Bu çalışma kapsamında Türkiye'deki eğitim programlarının çoğulculuk perspektifinden eleştirel program teorisi yaklaşımı kullanılarak incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada eleştirel program teorisinin ve çoğulcu felsefenin önemli varsayımlarından olan programların her bir bireyi kapsayıcı bir hale getirilmesinin gerekliliği üzerinde durulmuştur. Nitel yaklaşımla tasarlanan araştırmada bütüncül çoklu durum çalışması deseninden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmanın veri setini 1924-2018 yılları arasında yayımlanan sosyal bilgiler dersi öğretimine yönelik hazırlanan resmi öğretim programları oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veriler çoğulculuğun boyutlarına ilişkin belirlenen kod ve temalar ile eleştirel analiz soruları kullanılarak betimsel analiz yoluyla analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda programların "teorik ve ideolojik arka planı" ile " birey ve bireysel/toplumsal farklılıklara", "düşünme becerilerine", "sosyal sorunlara", "çoğulcu değerlere" yönelik bulgulara ulaşılmıştır. Ulaşılan bulgular doğrultusunda; programların ideolojik bir metin olduğu, programlarda bireysel farklılıklara yeterince yer verilmediği, öğrencilere üst-düzey düşünme becerilerinin kullanımına uygun bir ortam sağlanamadığı, pasif vatandaşlık algısının yüceltildiği ve programlarda bireysel değerlerden çok toplumsal değerlere yer verildiği çıkarımlarında bulunulmuştur. Çoğulculuk bağlamında programların geçmişine ve bugününe ilişkin yapılan eleştirel tespitlerin eğitimi etkileyen ve eğitimden etkilenen tüm bireylerin programa dair anlayışlarının derinleşmesine katkı sağlayacağı umulmaktadır.
Dil becerilerini kullanmanın en etkili ve kalıcı yolu yazılı anlatımdır. Yazılı anlatım sürecinde elde edilen tüm ürünler metin olarak kabul edilmemekte ve bulundurması gereken bazı özellikler vardır.Metinsellik öğeleri yazılı bir ürünün metin olarak nitelendirmesini sağlayan özelliklerden biridir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, öğrencilerin yazılı anlatım ürünlerini metinsellik öğeleri bakımından inceleyen araştırmalara yönelik bir literatür taraması oluşturmaktır. Metinsellik ölçütleri ile yapılan çalışmaların çoğunun basılmış eserler üzerinde yapılmış olması öğrencilerin yazılı ürünlerindeki metinsellik beceri düzeylerine karşı bir merak oluşturmuştur. Çalışmanın ilk aşamasında "Metinsellik", "Bağdaşıklık", "Tutarlılık", "Amaçlılık", "Kabul Edilebilirlik", "Bilgilendiricilik", "Duruma Uygun Olma" ve "Metinler Arasılık anahtar sözcükleri belirlenmiştir. Anahtar sözcükler kullanılarak "Ulakbim, Google akademik, Eric, EBSCHost, Sage ve Web of Science" veri tabanları taranmıştır. Taramalar sonucunda elde edilen 74 araştırma dâhil edilme ölçütlerini karşılamaları bakımından incelenmiş ve ölçütleri karşılayan 20 araştırma içerik analizi yöntemi ile incelenmiştir.Çalışma sonunda, yaklaşık 29 yıl boyunca çeşitli araştırmaların yapıldığı ve 2011 yılından sonra bu alanda yapılan çalışmaların sıklaştığı, araştırmalarda araştırma yaklaşımlarından nicel yöntemin daha fazla kullanıldığı, metinsellik öğelerinden en sık bağdaşıklık ve tutarlılık öğelerinin çalışıldığı, katılımcıları açısından bakıldığında en fazla çalışmanın ortaokul ve lisans öğrencileri ile yürütüldüğü ve çoğunlukla sınıflar arasında metinsellik öğelerinin kullanım sıklıklarının karşılaştırıldığı bulguları elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular alan yazın çerçevesinde yorumlanarak tartışılmış ve deneysel çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulduğu, ilkokul dönemindeki çalışmalara ağırlık verilmesi gerektiği, ayrıca bağdaşıklık ve tutarlılık öğeleri dışındaki metinsellik ölçütlerine de çalışmalarda yer verilmesi gerektiğine sonuçlarına yer verilmiştir.
Introduction: Reading and writing are academic skills that should be given importance to the acquisition and development of students from the first step of their education life. It is stated in the literature that reading and writing contain similar processes, cognitive skills and contexts, and therefore reading skills have a positive relationship with writing skills. In this study, the cohesion and coherence of students' written products were examined depending on their reading performance and grade level. Method: The research was carried out with a comparative descriptive model, one of the quantitative research methods. In the study, the frequency of using cohesion items and the text coherence scores of 183 poor readers (fourth grade 50, sixth grade 71 and eighth grade 62) and 192 good readers (fourth grade 55, sixth grade 74 and eighth grade 63) in written products were examined by comparison. Informal Reading Inventory, a video prepared to remind the story structure and a silent movie were used to collect the data. In the analysis of the data, Mann Whitney U Tests were used for pairwise comparisons and Kruskal Wallis Tests were used for triple comparisons. Findings: Looking at the cohesion items, it is seen that poor readers in the fourth and eighth grades get lower scores than their peers who are good readers in reading skills. In addition, from the fourth to the eighth grade, it was observed that there was an improvement in the written products of the students with good reading skills in terms of cohesion items, while there was no significant improvement in the poor readers. Considering the coherence scores, it was seen that poor readers got lower scores than good readers at all grade levels, and students in both groups improved in terms of coherence scores in their written products from fourth to eighth grade. Discussion: It is seen that the problems of students with poor readers in using cohesion tools and their inability to create coherence texts may be due to the inadequacy of the students' language skills, that the students prefer to use short sentences in their writing exercises, they do not need to connect sentences, and the level of use of cohesion tools increases with the progress of their grade levels. It can be said that it is a research that has findings consistent with the findings of the studies in the literature.
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