This study aims to determine the experts’ opinions and the design of the learning continuum on aspects of biological resource management reviewed at the level of competence and characteristics of specific pedagogical material from elementary to high school. The method used in this research was survey by giving questionnaire to the experts. The sample of this study is convenience sample, which is 85 lecturers. This research was conducted at several State and Private Universities in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Central Java, East Java, West Java, Jakarta. Results of this study indicate that the experts believe that the aspect of biological resource management has been taught in the tenth grade of senior high school (SHS) with cognitive levels (CL) “understanding” (C2) and “applying” (C3), and in seventh grade junior high school (JHS) with C2 CL. The design of learning continuum aspects of the management of biological resources from the FGD results based on the opinions of experts is that most of the specific pedagogical materials have begun to be taught at the JHS level with C2 CL, then continued at the SHS level with C3 CL, and there are also some specific pedagogic materials that have begun to be taught at the SHS level with C3 CL.

The multiple-choice test is a common test format used in education. One of the purposes of this test is to evaluate the success of the learning process in a particular subject. Therefore, the efficiency of the evaluation depends on the quality of the test items used. This research was conducted in order to reveal the quality of the final mathematics examination items statistically. It was descriptive quantitative research employing two-parameter logistic (2pl) model of Item Response Theory (IRT). The data were obtained from the sample of 353 students established using the purposive sampling technique. This finding shows that 40% of the 35 items tested are very difficult, 60% are in the medium level, and there is no easy item. The most difficult material is the trigonometric calculation. The percentage of the item discrimination index is described as follows: 8.57% of the items are categorized as very low, 51.43% are categorized as low, 31.43% of the items have a medium item discrimination index value, 5.71% have a high item discrimination index value, and 2.86% of the items are categorized as very high. Moreover, the research found that all distractors functioned well. The highest information on ability θ = 0.4 with information function value of 5.38 and SEM = 0.6. This test is suitable for students with the ability of -1.42 <θ <2.65.

The students really need nutritional intake therefore breakfast is very important for them. Children who are accustomed to breakfast will have better abilities than children who are not accustomed to breakfast. Breakfast will stimulate growth and maximize children's abilities at school. This study aims to analyze the correlation of breakfast with the learning concentration of fourth grade elementary school students. The method used in this research is a survey method by conducting treatments in data collection, by distributing questionnaires, tests, structured interviews, and so on. This study uses a descriptive approach. The subjects in this study were 24 students including 11 male students and 13 female students. While the research stages are: 1) Documentation; 2) Questionnaire (Questionnaire preparation, Questionnaire Validity Test, Questionnaire Reliability Test. The instrument or measuring instrument used is the Likert Scale and the data analysis technique used is using "significant test" the correlation test can analyze how the relationship between x and y variables. To calculate item analysis and correlation, the product moment correlation coefficient formula is used. The results of the research show that the correlation between Breakfast and Learning Concentration results in the number 0.987 where the resulting number is positive. This shows that there is a very close relationship between Breakfast and Student Learning Concentration. Based on the results of the correlation analysis, the hypothesis proposed is that there is a relationship between breakfast and student concentration. It means that there is a very significant relationship between breakfast and the learning concentration of fourth grade elementary school students.