Barley grain samples were dry-rolled using two different methods; multiple roller settings (MRS) vs. single roller setting (SRS). In the MRS method, samples were first separated through 4-, 6-, and 7-mm sieves and then dry-rolled with roller gap settings of 1.000, 1.194, and 1.487 mm, respectively. In the SRS method, samples were dry-rolled using a single roller gap setting of 1.194 mm. The MRS method increased in situ rate of starch disappearance (18.6 vs. 11.9% h-1; P < 0.01) compared with the SRS method. Screening to specific kernel sizes and adjusting roller settings accordingly could enhance the starch utilization of barley grain by ruminants.

Four isocarloric and isonitrogenous diets were formulated to contain 0%, 33.3%, 66.7% and 100% cassava leaves to replace equal weight of maize meal. All the four treatment diets were fed to catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fingerlings in replicate for 16 weeks. The best growth response was obtained in fish fed 66.7% cassava leaves inclusion. Fish fed 100% cassava leaves had the lowest growth response. All the treatment diets showed that growth due to increasing dietary cassava leaves were significant (P<0.05). The results revealed that optimum requirement of cassava leaves level in the formulation of practical diets for the improve growth of Clarias gariepinus was 66.7% cassava leaves.

This study aimed to determine a feed formulation with the best protein to energy ratio that would result in a better viscera composition and organ indices (OI) of Cyprinus carpio communis. Fingerlings having average weight of 1.64 ± 0.13 g and length of 5.26 ± 0.10 cm were fed on four different formulated feeds and a control feed (each in a triplicate set), 6% of their body weight, three times a day, during 90 days. Feeds were formulated using ground nut oil cake, mustard oil cake, rice bran, wheat bran, fish meal and soybean meal in order to suffice the balanced need of protein and energy of the common carp. Viscera composition and OI of fingerlings were measured. Results indicate that there was a significant increase in viscera lipid content with the increase in dietary carbohydrate level. The viscera lipid content was found highest in the fingerling fed on feed C and the least in the fingerlings fed on feed B. The eviscerosomatic index (EVSI) decreased significantly (P<0.05) with the increase in the dietary carbohydrate level, whereas the viscero-somatic and hepato-somatic indexes (HSI) increased significantly (P<0.05)with the increase in dietary carbohydrate level. The EVSI was the highest, whereas viscero-somatic index (VSI) and HSI were least in the fingerlings fed on the feed B. Moreover, the EVSI was the least, whereas viscero-somatic and HSI were highest in the fingerlings fed on feed C. This work concludes that feed B containing 40% protein, 9.31% lipid, 10.08% carbohydrate and having protein to energy ratio of 20.54 mg protein/kJ was the best feed for a more profitable and successful culture of the common carp.

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