BackgroundThe rate of progression of the disease depends on various factors and the tumor microenvironment takes not the last place among them. One part of researchers argues that the presence of tumor-infiltrating leukocytes serves as a favorable marker of the disease. There exists a completely different point of view on the matter.The investigation of the effects of the inflammatory infiltration on the course of breast cancer process.MethodsWe found a pronounced inflammatory infiltration in the tumor microenvironment in 24 cases. Nineteen cases of IDC without inflammatory infiltration were used as a control group. Immunohistochemical reaction showed expression of ERα, PR, HER2/neu, E-cadherin, Hsp90α, Bcl-2, CD3, CD79α, S100 and Myeloperoxidase receptors. Mathematical calculations were done using Microsoft Excel 2010 with 12.0.5 Attestat option.ResultsWe have determined five variants of immune microenvironment: interstitial, trabecular, nodular, diffuse and mixed. We have established a direct correlation between the expression of ERα and PR and indirect correlation between the receptors of steroid hormones and HER2/neo in both groups of breast cancer. HER2/neo positive tumors in 100% of cases were accompanied by the presence of heat shock proteins. There was a combination of Bcl-2 presence with the steroid receptors expression in 90 % of cases. There was found the indirect correlation between the presence of B lymphocytes and expression of steroid receptors.ConclusionsThe presence of B lymphocytes in an inflammatory infiltrate leads to the disappearance of estrogen receptors and progesterone receptors. It provokes the accumulation of Hsp90 in a cell. It contributes to the stabilization of HER2/neu receptors and most proteins that promote tumor progression.Virtual slidesThe virtual slides for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1362330168161694

Introduction: Heavy metals (HM) are dangerous elements due to their toxicity and prevalence play an important role in the environmental pollution and hazards to health risk. Impact of HM at high concentrations may lead to the failures of urinary bladder (UB) structure and functions. The aim of our study was to determine the readaptive changes in the UB of the rats and effectiveness of vitamin E using after the long-term intake of the HMS mixtures. Materials and Methods: We used mature male laboratory rats which were divided into three series with special experimental conditions after the influence of HM. The detailed analysis of the UB state was performed by using morphometric, spectrophotometric, histological and electron microscopy methods. Results: We had determined that the long-term intake of HM caused the significant increase of their accumulation in the tissue and morphometric changes of UB. Obtained results after the cancelation of the HM effect demonstrate smooth morphological restructuring of the UB wall with the reduction of difference of accumulation and morphometric indicators with control. The adjustment of vitamin E during there adaptation period showed better result recovery and optimization of all parameters, but they haven’t completely returned to normal state. Conclusions: The influence of HMS mixture led to significant negative effect on the UB at all stages of research. However, under the conditions of readaptation the tendency towards a certain stabilization of all indicators was observed, but they didn’t completely pass to the end of the study. The vitamin E using has caused the acceleration and improved the development of readaptive change after HM exposure. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(1) 2019 p.100-106

Objective: Our study investigated the morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics of invasive breast carcinoma of no special type (IBC-NST) with medullary pattern to explore the inconsistencies between the structural and clinical traits of this category of tumor.

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Aim: To compare pathomorphological changes in the venous wall of large diameter great saphenous veins (GSV) after endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) using wavelengths of 1470 nm and 1940 nm. Materials and Methods: We studied 120 specimens of great saphenous veins from 30 patients with chronic venous disease with large-diameter (>1 cm). Patients were randomly divided into two groups. The 1st group received EVLA using wavelengths of 1470 nm, the 2nd group received EVLA using wavelengths of 1940 nm. Four specimens were taken at the level of the lower third of the thigh after laser coagulation in each patient. Vein specimens were processed for histological studies. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed to assess the degree of wall changes. Results: The share of satisfactory results when using 1470 nm laser wavelengths is 83.3%, while when using 1940 nm laser wavelengths this result is 93.3%. When using both wavelengths of laser irradiation with a GSV diameter of more than 1 cm, no unsatisfactory results are observed. Conclusions: Obtained in our study data confirmed efficacy of the 1470 and 1940 nm endovenous laser ablation in the treatment of the large size GSV (more than 10 mm). Histological exams show preferability in the 1940 nm EVLA versa 1470 nm, considering the excellent result in the uniformity of distribution and safety in the deepness of the thermal injury.