This paper presents our reflections on the issue of behavioral change according to energy conservation constraints and on the status of sustainability in the design of ambient interactive systems at home. We point out how ergonomics contributes to the study of human factors underlying energy consumption. Relating to situated cognition and human computer interaction, our approach relies both on the ergonomic evaluation of feedback consumption displays and on the modeling of domestic activities in order to identify household concerns in real settings. We present empirical results to illustrate this global approach. The results of those studies allow the design of interactive systems: informative and pedagogical systems as well as pervasive and adaptive ambient systems. In our approach, sustainability is taken into account as a design criterion, as security could be, whereas the main design purpose is to aid households in their daily life in order to build a "sustainable situation".
À partir d’une approche située de l’activité en ergonomie cognitive, cet article traite de l’ergonomie de futures situations d’informatique diffuse efficientes énergétiquement, à partir d’une analyse des contextes d’activité domestique. La thèse soutenue, issue d’une recherche doctorale, est qu’une telle conception passe a minima par la connaissance empirique de trois types de contextes d’activité : la signification de l’action pour l’acteur, les articulations collectives de ces significations et les agencements physiques de l’activité. Après avoir brièvement évoqué les visées de conception, le cadre théorique et méthodologique développé, nous la défendons en deux temps. D’une part, nous montrons en quoi nos résultats empiriques sur ces trois dimensions alimentent la conception en termes de principes de conception, de type d’interaction à privilégier ou de types de contextes utiles au système pour mettre en œuvre ses fonctionnalités, atteindre ses objectifs et finalité. D’autre part, nous montrons que nos avancées méthodologiques et résultats à propos des contextes d’activité permettent de formaliser nos choix de conception de façon explicite. La discussion ouvre des perspectives pour des approches en première personne de l’activité humaine et la caractérisation des espaces physiques.
This paper reports on a study of the long-term appropriation of home energy displays. We hypothesize that learning underlies the sustained use of these devices and that it is therefore important to consider how user needs and competence develop over time to design engaging and appropriable systems. Our preliminary results show that displays prompt reflexivity about energy issues and, as questions emerge, they need to be addressed by a range of adapted systems (eco-feedback systems, control systems and relational programs).
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