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Using the mouse model of acute infectious peritonitis caused by Escherichia coli, it isshown that the development of inflammation is accompanied by increases in the number of erythrokaryocytes, erythroid colony-forming units, and erythroid hematopoietic islets in the bone marrow and by rises in the activities of supernatants of cultured stimulated adherent and nonadherent myelokaryocytes and of peripheral blood. The results of this study indicate that a characteristic feature of acute inflammation is strong activation of erythropoiesis with the development of hyperplasia of the erythroid marrow. Key Words: inflammation; erythropoiesisThe mechanisms underlying the regulation of erythropoiesis in inflammation have been studied inadequately, and the available information about quantitative changes in the erythron during inflammatory processes is scanty and contradictory. There are reports of anemia with a fall in the number of erythroid cells in the bone marrow occurring as early as 24 h after the experimental induction of acute inflammation and peaking on days 6-9 [1,2,8], and erythrocytosis has been found to develop at the same times [6].The present experiment was undertaken to investigate the response of the erythron to acute inflammation and the mechanisms of this response. MATERIALS AND METHODSThe experiment was carried out on 102 male CBA mice weighing 18-20 g. The model of inflammation was infectious peritonitis caused by Escherichia coli strain ATCC 25922 inoculated intraperitoneaUy in