The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the productivity indicators of soybean varieties of the Far Eastern selection and the climatic conditions of the Russian Far East. We studied the yield, protein content, 1000 seed weight, and the number of beans and seeds per plant, according to the planting date of two varieties: «Batya» and «Khabarovskiy Jubilyar». The duration of the growing season, the sum of temperatures, the amount of precipitation, as well as the Selyaninov Hydrothermal Coefficient were considered as characteristics of the growing season. The period in which the experiment was conducted was unfavorable for the growth and development of soybeans compared with long-term average values. The number of beans per plant, the number of seeds per plant and the yield of «Khabarovskiy Jubilyar» were higher than the corresponding values for «Batya» (the yield of «Khabarovskiy Jubilyar» was 0.8 t/ha higher than «Batya»). Hydrothermal conditions limited the realization of the potential productivity of «Batya», restricting it to 45% of the potential yield. For «Khabarovskiy Jubilyar», this figure was 87%. The relationship between productivity and the length of growth period, as well as hydrothermal characteristics, was established.

This study aimed to determine the effect of continuous anthropogenic pressure on soil organic matter in three long-term, experimental, rotated crop fields established in 1963–1965. The application of the maximum dose (N3P3K3) of a mineral fertilizer partially neutralized the adverse effects of continuous anthropogenic pressure on soils, by providing plants with essential nutrients and increasing the soil biological activity. The organic matter of soils in which wheat, soybeans and oats were grown was 0.62%, 1.49% and 0.55% less, respectively than that of soils in natural ecosystems. The use of N3P3K3 resulted in 1.34 million (oats), 0.60 million (soybean), and 6.18 million (wheat) more ammonifier units than the control. It also increased amylolytic microflora by 19.57 million (oats), 17.86 million (soybean), and 50.61 million (wheat) units compared to control.

Aim. Study of the effect of short di‐ and tetrapeptides (AB‐0, AE‐0) on the growth, development and productivity of Batya soybean varieties.Material and Methods. Biologically active dipeptide AB‐0 and tetrapeptide AE‐0 were used. Field studies were carried out on meadow‐brown podzolized gley heavy loamy soil. One month before planting, soybean seeds were treated with dipeptide/tetrapeptide of concentrations of 0.01 g/l or 0.001 g/l. Hand‐tended and industrial‐level research was carried out.Results. The use of dipeptide AB‐0 in a hand‐tended study had a positive effect on the growth processes of soybeans of the Batya variety compared to the control. The use of tetrapeptide AE‐0 in a hand‐tended study increased the weight of plants by 7.3‐67.0 g and plant height by 3.0‐9.0 cm compared to the control. The use of dipeptide AB‐0 and tetrapeptide AE‐0 increased the yield of soybeans by a maximum of 81.2‐83.7% compared to the control. The use of peptides AB‐0 and AE‐0 in an industrial‐level experiment increased the yield by 30.5% and 18.4%, respectively, compared with the control.Conclusion. The short peptides AB‐0 and AE‐0 studied had an impact on the growth, development and productivity of Batya soybean varieties. They can be classified as plant growth regulators.

The article investigates the influence of anthropogenic activity on the change in the chemical and biological properties of soils during agricultural use. The work was carried out in long-term stationary experiments laid down in 1963–1965. in the Khabarovsk Territory. The soil is meadow-brown, heavy loamy with an acidic reaction of the environment and low natural fertility. In the studied soils, the phosphorus supply varied from average in natural ecosystems to low in the variants with mineral fertilizers and very low in the variant without fertilizers. Potassium supply from high to high and medium, respectively. A decrease in acidity (pH 4.3) with an increase in anthropogenic load negatively affected the availability of chemical elements to plants and the number of microorganisms. Long-term agricultural use had a negative impact on the number of microorganisms inhabiting the soil of the agrocenosis: the content of ammonifiers decreased on average 9.7 times, amylolytics - 4.2 times. The use of mineral fertilizers contributes to some restoration of the biological activity of the soil, in comparison with the control option without their use.

The aim of this study was to determine the optimal sowing time for photosynthetic activity in the soybean varieties «Batya» and «Khabarovskiy Yubilyar» in the Russian Far East. We studied the influence of several parameters that induce photosynthetic activity on the productive qualities of soybean seeds from these varieties at different sowing dates. Studies have shown that the factor which most significantly determines biological productivity is leaf area. Here, leaf area accounted for 92.3% of the total productivity, with 77.3% depending on the photosynthetic potential of the soybean plants. Optimal conditions for the growth of soybean leaves and the duration of their function were created during the May sowing dates. The leaf area of «Batya» and «Khabarovskiy Yubilyar» varieties decreased by 6–36% and 11–27%, respectively, at later sowing dates. The lowest net photosynthetic productivity in «Batya» was 2.0 g/m2/day during the late sowing period, and the maximum value recorded was 4.2 g/m2/day when sowing was at the end of May. The lowest photosynthetic productivity for the variety «Khabarovskiy Yubilyar» (3.4 g/m2/day) was also recorded in plants from the late sowing period.