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Background:Early diagnosis of hypertension (HT) is an important strategy in its control. Previous studies have documented that hypertension may begin in adolescence, perhaps even in childhood. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypertension and risk factors among school going children in Surat city, south Gujarat, India.Materials and Methods:School going children aged between 6 to 18 years, of two schools were selected by purposive sampling method and blood pressure measurements were taken by mercury sphygmomanometer as per recommendation of American heart association. Hypertension is considered when blood pressure is more than 95th percentile according to update on task force report (2004) and children having hypertension in first and second recording repeat measurement was done to confirm hypertension after a week.Results:Total prevalence of hypertension in our study was 6.48%. Hypertension in males was 6.74% (<10 yrs 5.88%, 10-13yrs 6.04%, >13yrs 9.19%) and in females was 6.13% (<10yrs 0.62%, 10-13yrs 8.67%,.13yrs 8.48%). Prevalence of obesity in hypertension was 8.7% against normotensive 1.1% (P <0.05). Prevalence of hypertension in family members of hypertensive was 18.6% and in normotensive 13.1% (P =0.1). Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in family members of hypertensive was 23.4% and 13.7% in normotensive (P<0.05); while prevalence of ischemic heart disease in family members was 12.34% in hypertensive and 8.3% in normotensive (P <0.05).Conclusion:Prevalence of hypertension was 6.48% in the study subjects. We identified obesity, family history of diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease was found to be significant association for childhood hypertension.

Studies on the mechanism of action on intra-uterine foreign bodies are gaining importance in the field of reproductive biology. Doyle & Margolis (1963, 1964a, b) found in the rat that, following ovulation and fertilization, implantation did not occur in the threaded uterine horn due to a hostile uterine environment and interference with the normal decidual reaction. Buch, Shukla & Hawk (1964) showed that in the Surti water buffalo an intra-uterine polyethylene loop prevented ovulation. In cows, Hawk, Conley, Brinsfield & Righter (1964) observed that the loop acted as a contraceptive device within 3 days of breeding, possibly by interfering with one or more of the following processes: fertilization, cleavage, ovum transport and corpus luteum formation.The action of ovarian hormones on the histology of the uterus following ovariectomy has been studied by many workers. Among them, Cleveland (1941) studied the ovariectomized monkey and both Bell, Casida & Darlow (1941) and Ryle (1962) the ovariectomized ewe. Distinct morphological changes due to treatment with ovarian hormones in these species have been established. Oestrogens bring about cell proliferation and the combination of oestrogen and progesterone produces a secretory phase of the endometrium.A trial was performed with seven goats ovariectomized during anoestrus in order to observe the effects of intra-uterine polyethylene spirals, a combination of oestradiol-17\g=b\ and progesterone and their interactions on the histology of the goat uterus.

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