Diagnosis of prostate cancer (PC) still remains critical as non-invasive screening with prostate specific-antigen (PSA) lacks to indicate malignancy of the prostate in some cases. Recent research has shown that clinically meaningful PC can develop in patients with a PSA value o4 ng/ml, frequently defined as upper limit of normal serum PSA levels. Furthermore, both morphological (computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging, transrectal ultrasound) and functional imaging with 18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) are associated with several limitations for primary diagnosis of PC. We report a case of an incidentally diagnosed PSAnegative PC by 18 FDG PET/CT in a patient with a previous diagnosis of a hypopharyngeal cancer.

Using an echo-enhancing agent the sensitivity and specificity for detection of relevant renal artery stenosis could only be slightly improved compared to the native examination.

Contrast-enhanced special CT permits accurate morphologic assessment (size, infiltration) of pharyngeal and supraglottic laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, while pathologic lymph nodes already have a sufficient contrast enhancement for the detection.

Intratumoural flow signals favour a malignant tumour. The absence of flow signals is a frequent finding in benign lesions but does not rule out malignancy.