Summary: In a pilot project 2,122 schoolchildren were screened for symptomless urinary tract disease by the examination of midstream urine specimens. These were tested for albumin, blood, and glucose with Labstix commercial strips, together with microscopy for abnormal cellular excretion.One case of renal glycosuria was found but none of previously undiagnosed diabetes mellitus. Out of 1,096 boys, 11 (1%) had pyuria-a leucocyte count greater than 10/cu.mm.-but only four showed abnormal counts on retesting. None had urinary tract infection.Out of 1,026 girls, 96 (9.3%) had pyuria initially but 35 were normal on retesting. Of the remaining 61 girls, 59 attended the outpatients department for further investigation, and in 30 vulvitis appeared to be the sole cause.Ten were proved to have significant bacteriuria and six of them showed radiological abnormalities.It is suggested that careful long-term studies are needed to study the economics and the implications of screening on a national scale.

Background Few studies have tested whether cellular processes directly associated with cardiovascular disease risk can be influenced by a psychological inoculation. Purpose This study investigated whether values affirmation, a psychological procedure designed to reduce stress and threat perception, would prevent endothelial injury to social evaluative threat (SET). Methods Participants (N=32) were randomized to SET, SET with values affirmation, or Control. SET was induced with the Trier Social Stress Test, and participants performed values affirmation prior to SET induction. Using flow cytometry, endothelial injury was assessed by measuring circulating levels of endothelial cell-derived microparticles (EMPs) phenotypic for endothelial cell activation (CD62E+), apoptosis (CD31+) or both (CD51+). Results Social threat caused expected increases in circulating EMPs phenotypic of endothelial cell injury, a response completely attenuated in those receiving values affirmation. Conclusions This study, as proof of principle due to small sample size, shows cellular level, cardiovascular disease-relevant effects of social stress and provides the first evidence of inoculation against such effects by a psychological procedure.

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