No abstract

Наведено результати досліджень з вивчення особливостей росту і розвитку різновікових рослин ячменю озимого в період осінньої вегетації залежно від норм висіву насіння і строків сівби в умовах північного Степу України. Найвищі показники польової схожості насіння та густоти стояння рослин ячменю озимого в період повних сходів були за сівби 30 вересня і залежно від норм висіву насіння варіювали в межах від 84,6 до 82,9 % та від 497 до 381 шт./м 2 , тимчасом як у разі пізніх строків сівби -від 71,1 до 73,0 % і від 329 до 427 шт./м 2 відповідно. З'ясовано, що за сівби 20 вересня у варіантах з мінімальною нормою висіву (4,5 схожих насінин/га) рослини відзначалися більш інтенсивним ростом і розвитком. Зі зміщенням строків сівби від ранніх в бік більш пізніх та збільшенням посівної норми біометричні показники рослин певним чином змінювалися. Так, залежно від норми висіву насіння висота рослин ячменю озимого зменшувалася на 8,0-8,4 см, маса 100 абсолютно сухих рослин -на 13,0-16,9 г, кількість стебел на рослині в середньому -на 1,0-2,7 шт., кількість вузлових коренів на рослині в середньому -на 1,4-1,8 шт.Ключові слова: ячмінь озимий, ріст та розвиток рослин, строки сівби, норми висіву насіння, період осінньої вегетації, біометричні показники.

In conditions of deficient and unstable moistening studying of growing and development winter barley plants in period of autumn vegetation and at the time of formation stability of winter plants under adverse weather conditions of winter has obtained important meaning as it had influence on yield. Aim of the researches was studying influence agro-technical ways of growing on winter barley production in conditions of northern Steepe of Ukraine. According to the results of three-year field researches (2016-2019 years) it was cleared up influence of sowing date, norms of seed sowing on plant production of barley after a precursor -sunflower. It is established on average during the years of researches, morphological-biological indexes of winter barley plants differed substantially depending on hydro-technical conditions in autumn period of vegetation. Barley plants with early date of sowing (September, 20) formed more vegetative mass since 17,8 till 18,7g depending on norms of seed sowing, number of sprouts 3,2 -3,7 pieces and a nodal roots 2,4 -3,1 pieces. Displacement sowing date for each 10 days from early to later ones led to lessening all indexes. In dependence on state of a plant during cessation of autumn vegetation and weather conditions in winter period (2016-2019 years), survival rate of plants varied within 93 -98%. Sowing on September, 30 and October, 10 provided the highest level of survival rate and was -96 -98%. In phase of whole ripeness of seeds after sowing on September, 30 winter barley plants formed bigger production while after early (September, 20) and late (October, 20) date of sowing average yield by years depending on seed sowing reduced to 1,5 and 2,3 t/ha accordingly.

Topicality. Nowadays, profitable agricultural production requires a comprehensive analysis of the feasibility of each agrotechnical technique of cultivation of field crops, including winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). In market conditions, the main criterion for choosing a technology for growing a particular crop is economic efficiency. Therefore, a competitive technology is the one that provides the highest profitability and profit. Purpose. Investigation of the influence of agrotechnical practices on the level of economic efficiency of growing winter barley. Methods. The field experiments were laid out and carried out in accordance with the generally accepted methodology of research. In the experiments, the winter barley of Deviatyi val variety was sown, followed by sunflower as a predecessor. Sowing was carried out in four dates: 20, 30 September and 10, 20 October with seeding rates of 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0 million germinable seeds/ha. Results. On average, over the years of research (2017–2019), the best economic output was obtained by sowing winter barley on 30 September. As a result, the highest grain yield was 5.28–5.52 t/ha with a profitability level of 71.6–82.6 %. Sowing on 20 October in all variants of the experiment resulted in the lowest cost recovery when growing winter barley on a non-fallow predecessor, and the profitability level ranged from 16.1–21.7 % depending on the seeding rate. Sowing on 30 September resulted in the highest profit of 9321–10562 UAH/ha, which is 7375–7958 UAH/ha more compared to the variants with sowing dates at the end of the second ten days of October. Conclusions. We found that the economic indicators during the years of research were influenced by the grain yield of winter barley depending on the technological practices of its cultivation in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine. The research aimed at determining the economic efficiency of growing winter barley after sunflower, depending on the sowing dates and sowing rates, found that the variant with sowing on 30 September, where the highest grain yield was obtained, was more profitable. The sowing date with a seeding rate of 5.0 million seeds/ha provided the highest profitability (82.6 %), and the net income reached 10562 UAH/ha. Key words: winter barley, sowing dates, seeding rates, yield, economic efficiency