Emergence and spread of Acinetobacter species, resistant to most of the available antimicrobial agents, is an area of great concern. It is now being frequently associated with healthcare associated infections. Literature was searched at PUBMED, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library, using the terms ‘Acinetobacter Resistance, multidrug resistant (MDR), Antimicrobial Therapy, Outbreak, Colistin, Tigecycline, AmpC enzymes, and carbapenemases in various combinations. The terms such as MDR, Extensively Drug Resistant (XDR), and Pan Drug Resistant (PDR) have been used in published literature with varied definitions, leading to confusion in the correlation of data from various studies. In this review various mechanisms of resistance in the Acinetobacter species have been discussed. The review also probes upon the current therapeutic options, including combination therapies available to treat infections due to resistant Acinetobacter species in adults as well as children. There is an urgent need to enforce infection control measures and antimicrobial stewardship programs to prevent the further spread of these resistant Acinetobacter species and to delay the emergence of increased resistance in the bacteria.

To determine the association of socio-economic status 1.05-1.14; women 1.08, 95% CI 1.05-1.13), body mass (SES) and prevalence of hypertension and its risk facindex (odds ratio: men 1.12, 1.08-1.18; women 1.11, tors in a rural population, a cross sectional survey was 1.06-1.16) and sedentary lifestyle (odds ratio: men 1.45, conducted in two randomly selected villages in the 1.32-1.58; women 1.38, 1.26-1.49). Only weak but sigMoradabad district in North India. There were 1935 resinificant associations were observed with smoking, alcodents aged over 25 (984 men and 951 women) who were hol and salt intake. The association of hypertension with randomly selected and categorised into social classes social class was reduced after adjustment of body mass 1-4 depending upon SES based on occupation, housing index, sedentary lifestyle, smoking and salt intake (odds conditions, land holding, total per capita income, ownerratio: men 0.96, 0.81-1.14; women 0.73, 0.54 -1.04). ship of consumer durables and education. The prevaThere was an increase in the prevalence of hypertension lence of hypertension diagnosed by JNC V criteria and age-specific blood pressure (BP) with increasing (Ͼ140/90 mm Hg) was significantly higher among social age in both sexes. The overall prevalence of hypertenclass 1 and 2 and showed positive relation with SES in sion by WHO criteria (Ͼ160/95) was 4.6% and by JNC V both sexes. Among social class 1 and 2 subjects, there criteria 20.8%, and the rates were comparable in both was a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity and sexes. Social class 1 and 2 subjects in rural North India sedentary lifestyle. Logistic regression analysis with have a higher prevalence of hypertension and its risk adjustment of age showed that SES had a positive factors of overweight and sedentary lifestyle. relation with hypertension (odds ratio: men 1.09, 95% CI