Patients with disfiguring facial injuries had significantly higher PTSD levels compared to patients with nondisfiguring facial injuries, patients with orthopedic/visible injuries had statistically significant lower IES scores which could not be strictly termed PTSD when compared to patients with disfiguring facial injuries who had high scores of IES corresponding to high levels of PTSD and these results were observed at all three study intervals (DOD, 1 and 6 months postoperatively). Female patients with disfiguring facial injuries had significantly higher PTSD levels compared to male patients (at all the study intervals) and patients younger than 50 years of age had significantly higher PTSD levels compared to older patients.

The results of this study led to the conclusion that in comparison with patients who had sustained disfiguring facial injuries, nondisfiguring facial injuries and visible extremity/ orthopedic injuries, the mean IES scores, HADS scores for both anxiety and depression of the facial disfiguring injury patients was higher at all three study intervals (date of discharge,1st postoperative month and 6 months postoperatively), indicating higher PTSD levels, anxiety and depression in patients with disfiguring facial injuries, CSFQ scores were above the cutoff suggested at the 1st month and 6th month postoperative indicating no sexual dysfunction in all the three groups.

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the vertical root fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth obturated with-Tubli-Seal EWT/Gutta-percha, AH Plus/Gutta-percha, Epiphany SE sealer/Epiphany point. Study design: Sixty-five single rooted premolars were decoronated and root length was 14 mm for each specimen. Fifty five teeth were enlarged up to ISO size 40 master apical file with stainless steel K-files using standardized preparation and remaining ten teeth were served as negative control. Then teeth were randomly assigned into different groups depending on sealer used for obturation as follows: Group 1: Negative control-no instrumentation was performed. Group 2: Positive control-gutta-percha with out the use of any sealer. Group 3: Experimental group-gutta-percha and Tubli-Seal EWT root canal sealer. Group 4: Experimental group-gutta-percha and AH Plus. Group 5: Experimental group-epiphany SE sealer and epiphany points. After 72 hours, the specimens were embedded in autopolymerizing resin leaving 7 mm of each root exposed and were subjected to fracture testing under universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm per minute until the root fractured. Results were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and independent t-test. Results: Showed that Epiphany SE sealer/Epiphany points showed highest mean fracture resistance and Tubli-Seal EWT group showed the least fracture resistance of all the materials tested. There was no statistically significant difference among experimental groups. Conclusion: Epiphany SE sealer/Epiphany points demonstrated highest fracture resistance values than the other materials tested and intact tooth had highest resistance against vertical root fracture. Clinical significance: Epiphany SE sealer/Epiphany points may be one of the materials of choice in the endodontic treatment of teeth.

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