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The purpose of our research was to study the formation, functioning and structure of the nosological profile of infectious and invasive pathology of animals (birds) under conditions of the NorthWestern Region of the Russian Federation, to identify the main nosological units that form the epizootic and epidemic risk in the region and based on this to justify and determine the priority of measures for optimisation the anti-epizootic support of poultry farming in the region. In modern veterinary and biological sciences, there had been formed a concept about systemic understanding of ecologization in epizootology and epidemiology. A holistic scientific concept about the infectious parasitic system and self-regulation of the epizootic process of infectious and invasive parasitic systems had been formed (V. D. Belyakov et al., 1987). The notions "infection" and "infectious disease" are full-fledged components of parasitism (I. A. Bakulov, 1997; V. V. Sochnev, 1997; V. P. Urban, 1997; V. V. Makarov, 2022). In global epizootology the global epizootological category had been formulated – epizootological parameters of animals population, including population health, population reproduction, its economic utility and epidemic danger (V. V. Makarov, V. V. Sochnev, O. V. Kozyrenko, 2022; V. V. Sochnev, Yu. V. Pashkina, 2019). Animals health level largely depends on comfortness of the environment for their organisms, on epizootic safety of the territories, on the sustainability of ecological niche of parasitic systems pathogens and their epizootological geography. In the paper the animals infectious pathology nosological profile is studied under conditions of the North-Western Region of the Russian Federation, under conditions of a metropolis and its suburbs. The ecological niche of disease pathogens, its dependence on density axis and on host populations diversity were measured in quantities. It was discovered that the territorial boundaries for epizootic manifestation of the animals (birds) infectious pathology nosological units in the region tend to be formed under multifactorial influence, one of the main factors being the formation of the ecological niche of pathogens. In the North-Western Region the animals (birds) infectious pathology was formed from bacterioses in 11.49 %, from virosis in 12.4 %, from mycoses in 2.46 % and from invasive units in 73.6 %. The parasitic diseases of the ecosystem and their monoand polyhost epizootic manifestation were studied; the involvement of productive and unproductive animals populations co-members in the parasitic systems functioning was analysed; animals (birds) infectious pathologies dominating in the region were identified and the visualization of dominance semiotics of the specific nosological units was achieved by constructing Pareto diagrams.

Introduction. Urbanisation of territories creates a critical risk related to contagious animal diseases. The agro-industrial complex (AIC) of the Northwestern region is an important component of the food security system of the Russian Federation. The research is aimed at studying and defining the degree of epizootic risk of contagious animal diseases in the region, determining the degree of epizootic threat thereof at the population and interpopulation levels.Materials and methods. For conducting the study the comprehensive epizootological approach (analysis) was used, along with the methods of evidence-based epizootology, epizootological diagnostics, methods of modern prognostics and statistical methods of quality control.Results. Functioning of infectious parasitic systems have been studied under specific conditions of place and time, using digitalisation achievements and statistical quality control. The epizootological categories have been proposed and applied for the three-dimensional measurement of the epizootic manifestation of contagious diseases using the corresponding units for their mathematical measurement (indicator of ill-being, epizootic index, incidence and prevalence, pathogenicity spectrum, frequency, recurrence, seasonal epizootic growth and year-round disease incidence). All the above allows carrying out the epizootic supervision over the formation and functioning of separate nosological units in animal populations under specific conditions of place and time. Using the comprehensive epizootological approach and the evidence-based epizootological methodology, the degree of epizootic risk of contagious animal (bird) diseases in the agro-industrial complex of the Northwestern region was studied in relation to the various economic and technological levels of animal husbandry and the degree of territory urbanisation.Discussion and conclusions. It has been found that in the agro-industrial complex of the metropolis suburban area of the Northwestern region, there have formed and periodically appear 45 animal diseases, predominantly of infectious etiology (62.2 %). The different degree of diseases epizootic risk was revealed: from its absence, in case of 4 nosological units, up to high and very high degree, in case of 15 nosological units (33.3 % of the total number). Therefore, the purpose of the present work was to study the degree of the risk of infectious diseases potential occurrence in populations of production animals in various areas of the Northwestern region and to identify the cause-andeffect indicators underlying the differences.

In a comparative aspect and dynamics in the conditions of urbanized territories, the structure of invasive pathology and the effectiveness of anti-invasive measures were studied. It was established that the epizootic situation is controlled by parasitological, microscopic and hematological studies for 12 invasions. It was determined that from the period from 2020 to 2022, there is a negative trend in the defeat of farm animals and unproductive domestic animals with invasive diseases (from 25% in 2020 to 0.57% in 2022). At the same time, nematodes play a leading role in the invasive pathology of animals - from 60.5% of those affected in small cattle to 0.6% in dogs. In our opinion, the negative dynamics is associated with the optimization of the system of anti-epizootic measures in a metropolis, aimed at the source of the pathogen, the mechanism of its transmission and susceptible animals. It was stipulated that in order to control and determine the effectiveness of the implementation of an optimized scientifically based system of antiparasitic measures, continuous study and assessment of the epizootic situation among cattle are required; laboratory screening of animals and habitat.

In the southeastern agro-climatic zone of the Nizhny Novgorod region, 51 parasitic systems function retrospectively, the co-agents of which, apart from their pathogens, were productive and unproductive domestic and wild animals. For the entire depth of retrospection (82 years), eleven nosoforms of infectious pathology in the studied region (27.6%) were dominant in the number of enzootic foci and diseased animals (rabies, dictiocaulosis, infectious atrophic rhinitis, classical swine fever, pyroplasmosis, salmonellosis, swine mucus, anthrax, fasciolosis, emkar, foot and mouth disease). Their share in the nosological profile of infectious pathology accounts for 261 epizootic focus (74.1% of the total epizootic focus of infectious animal diseases in the region for the entire depth of retrospection). At the same time, 13 nosoforms in the study area for the entire period of retrospection were recorded once, the expansion of the boundaries of their epizootic process was not established, the removal of the causative agent of these infectious diseases beyond the limits of the primary epizootic focus was pre-empted. Not allowed and relapses of their epizootic phenomena in the region. Ten nosoforms of infectious pathology of animals (18%) in the total pathology of animals in the studied region were recorded twice for the entire period of retrospection (typhoid fever, pig taineosis and cattle, pig metastrongylosis, infectious cattle, chicken ascaridiosis, cattle parainfluenza, nosomatosis bees). In the southeastern zone of the Nizhny Novgorod region, the potential danger of spontaneous emergence and spread of infectious animal pathology (anthrax, emkar, tuberculosis of cattle, fascioliasis, classical and African swine fever, pyroplasmosis, echinococcosis, rabies) has been identified. Schemes-models of the potential threat to the epizootic component of the biological hazard in the region were constructed.