Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is one of the autoimmune causes of miscarriage in pregnancy. We researched the influence of L-arginine (25 mg/kg), the precursor of nitric oxide synthesis, and aminoguanidine, the inhibitor of inducible NO-synthase (10 mg/kg) on the concentration of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-10 in serum of BALB/c mice on the 18th day of pregnancy in cases of APS. In the serum of the pregnant mice with APS, an increase in the concentration of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) and a decrease in the concentration of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) was evidenced, relative to those of the pregnant animals without APS. With the use of L-arginine, a decrease in the concentration of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and an increase in the concentration of IL-4 and IL-10 was established, compared with the indicators of the pregnant mice with APS. The introduction of aminoguanidine, the selective inhibitor of iNOS, did not cause any changes in IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 compared with the group of animals with APS. However, a decrease in TNF-α concentration and an increase in IL-4 concentration were proved in this series compared with the group of pregnant animals with APS. Combined administration of L-arginine and aminoguanidine caused a decrease in the concentration of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and an increase in the concentration of IL-4 and IL-10, compared with the indicators of the animals with APS. Thus, the combined administration of L-arginine and aminoguanidine to the pregnant mice with APS contributes to the rebalancing of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the serum more than their individual use.

167Огляди літератури, оригінальні дослідження, погляд на проблему, випадок з практики, короткі повідомлення Тернопільський національний медичний університет імені І. Я. Горбачевського МОЗ України РЕЗЮМЕ. Антифосфоліпідний синдром (АФС) -це аутоімунне захворювання, яке характеризується наявністю в крові антитіл до негативно заряджених фосфоліпідів мембран. Поширеність АФС становить близько 40-50 випадків на 100 000 осіб.Мета -встановити вплив L-аргініну та аміногуанідину при їх окремому та комбінованому введенні на вміст каспази-3, нітрит-аніонів (NO 2 -) та нітрат-аніонів (NO 3 -

Introduction. Carbon nanoparticles have unique mechanical, electrical and thermal properties and are widely used in scientific research, industry and medicine. They are a promising nanomaterial for medical use due to their really high biocompatibility with blood, bones, cartilages and soft tissues. The capability of nanotubes to transport medicines and chemicals inside a cell predicts the possibility of the increase of classical substances toxicity in case of their intake into the body together with nanotubes.The aim of the study – to determine how nanoparticles affect the hepatotoxic properties of  tetrachloromethane.Research Methods. The experiments were performed on outbred male rats, which were administered intraperitoneally with 0.5 ml of suspension of single-walled, multi-walled or multi-walled functionalized by COOH nanotubes (60 mg/kg) separately or together with tetrachlormethane (2 ml/kg). The animals were taken out of the experiment in 3, 6 and 48 hours after the administration of the nanotubes and tetrachlormethane. Alanine and aspartate transaminases, alkaline phosphatase activities, as well as total protein and urea contents were measured in rat blood plasma.Results and Discussion. It has been shown that only multi-walled carbon nanotubes changed significantly  the studied parameters. The administration of tetrachloromethane to rats caused significant changes of all indices.Maximal changes of all parameters were registered in the group of animals that were coadministered with carbon nanotubes and tetrachloromethane. In this case, activities of transaminases and alkaline phosphatase in blood significantly changed compared to the similar indicators in the group of animals, which were administered with the chemical toxicant only.Conclusion. Carbon nanotubes enhance the negative hepatotoxic effects of tetrachlormethane.

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