The purpose of this study was to quantitatively evaluate skeletal and dental compensation in patients with vertical skeletal dysplasias and to determine which dentoalveolar parameters compensate for vertical jaw discrepancies. Cephalometric analyses were performed on pre-treatment lateral cephalographs of 186 orthodontic patients (120 females and 66 males; mean age 15 years 11 months) who met the selection criteria. SN-MP angle was used to classify the facial patterns as: hyperdivergent > 36 degrees, normo = 28-36 degrees, and hypo < 28 degrees. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine statistical differences between the means in the three vertical facial types. To evaluate dental compensation quantitatively, correlation analyses were performed to find associations between skeletal and dental parameters. To further elucidate the compensatory nature of the lower incisors, regression analyses and scattergrams were obtained, with SN-MP as a measure of the vertical skeletal discrepancy. ANOVA showed statistically significant differences for most of the skeletal variables, but only for lower incisor height and inclination among the dentoalveolar parameters. Correlation analyses demonstrated significant relationships between various skeletal variables. LI-MP showed a negative relationship with SN-MP, whereas LAMdH demonstrated a positive linear relationship with SN-MP. Among all dentoalveolar heights, UAMxH showed the weakest, and LAMdH the strongest, associations with skeletal parameters. The variability in dentoalveolar compensation therefore demands individualized diagnosis and treatment planning. LAMdH and LI-MP parameters were the most likely, whereas UAMxH was the least likely parameter to compensate for vertical dysplasia.

The paper describes the identification of new expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from a cDNA library of Corchorus olitorius L. var. O-4 after the initial description of the library construction reported recently. The sequence homology search in The Arabidopsis Information Source (TAIR) using the WU-BLAST tool revealed four complete and ten partial cDNA sequences. The complete cDNA sequences, based on their similarities to those of Arabidopsis proteins, encode V-ATPase subunit F, mitochondrial NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase, RuBisCO small subunit 1A and heat shock protein (HSP 60). Based on similar homology results the partial cDNAs encode proteins, namely, chaperonin, actin 7, RelA-spoT homology, 60s ribosomal protein L 36a, transport protein, chloroplast inner membrane import protein Tic22, formate dehydrogenase, serine hydroxymethyltransferase, metallothionein 2B and tansmembrane kinase. These cDNA sequences are new additions to the ESTs that encode chitinase-like protein (Class I) and 60S acidic ribosomal protein reported earlier. All the available cDNA sequences including that for the chitinase-like protein have been registered with GenBank, bearing Accession Nos. EU024510 through EU024520 and EU092254, EU057193-95. The cDNA samples are available for any researchers interested in such ESTs. A Clustal-W study of the amino acid sequences of proteins encoded by cDNA isolated in the present investigation with those of cotton, citrus, Arabidopsis, tobacco and other organisms revealed that the homology is maximum between jute and cotton followed by citrus, grapevine, tobacco and Arabidopsis.

The decision forutilization of a space of a retained deciduous molar to alleviate crowding in late mixed dentition is one of the critical aspects in orthodontic treatment.Hence, the aimof the treatment hereis to use the extraction spaces properly to relieve severe crowding and align both the arches to the point where a stable overjet/overbite exist. This case report presenting a 13-year-old female adolescent with severe crowding in both upper and lower jaw and a convex profile. Although she was initially anxious to extract her teeth to treat her case but also she was looking for desirable results. The case was later treated in a conventional orthodontic approach with extraction ofthree 1stpremolars. It was quite challenging to make the best use of the space of missing lower right 2nd premolar after extraction of deciduous second molar on that sideto relieve severe crowding. However; at the end of the treatment, the patient expressed satisfaction with the results- proper bite, smile and most importantly esthetics. This case report demonstrates successful treatment of an adolescent patient with severe crowding by proper utilization of the extraction spaces. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(4) 2020 p.763-768

BACKGROUND: Dental students have been identified as having a high level of stress. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of anxiety and depression among undergraduate dental students of university of Hail and to determine the association of anxiety and depression in terms of gender and respective year of study. METHODS: This was an observational cross-sectional study. Nonprobability sampling technique was used to assess the prevalence and association of anxiety and depression among male and female dental students of preclinical and clinical years of College of Dentistry, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia. Students were contacted personally, explained the purpose of the study and asked to participate in the study. Students were asked to complete both Beck’s depression inventory and Beck’s anxiety inventory to assess the level of their respective status. RESULTS: The results of the survey revealed that a greater number of females suffered from ‘moderate’ level of anxiety (12.3%) as compared to males (3.2%). Additionally, the percentage for females to experience ‘borderline’ (11.6%) and ‘moderate’ (9.7%) level of depression was higher than their male counterparts –‘borderline’ (7.7%) and ‘moderate’ (2.6%). The level of anxiety and depression compared with genders was found to be statistically significant. It was noted that final year students (8.4%) experienced ‘moderate’ level of anxiety and there was a peak rise in level of depression among 4th year (6.5%) and 6th year (5.8%) students as compared with other years. CONCLUSION: The finding of the study emphasizes that the overall percentage of level of depression is comparatively higher than level of anxiety among dental students.

Aim:The purpose of this study was to measure traditional methods used by the people of Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to whiten teeth. This will help us to find out some of the possible reasons from them for using the techniques and would enable us to raise awareness. Materials and methods:It was an observational study having a cross-sectional design. It included 350 respondents living in Hail, and the study used a nonprobability convenient sampling technique. Data about demographics and the methods used for teeth whitening were collected using a self-administered validated questionnaire translated into Arabic. Results:The results depict that majority of the study participants (59.1%) with low income level were not satisfied with their tooth color and were willing to undergo tooth-whitening procedures. Coal was used by 21% of respondent for teeth whitening, followed by olive oil 15%, and lemon 10%. Conclusion:Based on the information, it is clear that a group of people living in Hail is still comfortable to use the conventional methods to make their teeth look whiter.Clinical significance: Despite the advances in esthetic dentistry, traditional methods of teeth cleansing and whitening are still being practiced. The practice is without evidence and without any scientific rationale. It can cost individuals their oral as well as overall health.