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The article presents the results of qualitative sociologic survey aimed at analyzing students’ subjective evaluations related to “new” educational practices from the perspective of the experience gained in the pandemic period, as well as the dynamics of changes in the content of these evaluations during the year due to the transition to new learning formats. The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of forced online learning on the transformation of traditional educational practices. Following the results of work with qualitative data, the main trends observed in the informants’ answers are shown – increase of academic workload and, as a consequence, the time spent for its performance; absence of former attitude and concentration of attention on the learning material caused by the impossibility to draw boundaries between private and public, that in its turn had an impact on the quality of education and gave rise to new practices of academic dishonesty and cheating; and as a whole, downturn of psychological wellbeing. Main positive moments named by the informants were increase of the capabilities of the educational field and a certain level of comfort in the sphere of everyday life, logistics and work. It is noted that even with the outright victory over the COVID-19 it will be impossible to return completely to pre-covid variant of organization of educational process; whether we like it or not, electronic educational environments have already become an integral part of our life and higher education. The main questions that must be asked now – which of pre-covid and gained practices should be taken into the future, how to find the balance between intramural and online learning formats. Search for solutions depends to a large extent on the success of interaction and cooperation between the direct participants of educational process. Main method of data collection is semi-structured interviews; field works have been carried out in spring of 2020 and 2021. The interview method made it possible to study the situation in detail as it has developed. Based on the generalization of qualitative data, the substantial characteristics of the informants’ value judgments are formed, strong and weak sides of the learning process related to introduction of new formats of interaction “university – teacher – student”. The ambivalent attitude of students to full-time and distance learning was revealed. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the data acquisition, systematization and analytical generalization of the original material on the transformation of students’ educational practices as a result of a forced mass transition to distance education. The obtained materials provide grounds for clarifying the process and results of these changes and can be used to justify management decisions.

Аннотация. Одним из наиболее актуальных вопросов развития предприятий является их адаптация в условиях перехода к цифровой экономике. Несмотря на то, что на сегодняшний день скорость цифровой трансформации у многих российских компаний гораздо ниже, чем в мире в целом, цифровизация обладает целым рядом неоспоримых преимуществ. Анализ существующих подходов оценки цифровой зрелости является одним из первых шагов на пути перехода предприятия к «Индустрии 4.0». В статье рассмотрены основные подходы к оценке готовности предприятий к цифровой экономике. Проведен их сравнительный анализ, дана оценка применимости и преимуществ этих подходов как основы для развития и масштабирования малых производственных предприятий. Ключевые слова: индустрия 4.0, цифровая экономика, цифровая трансформация, масштабирование малых предприятий, модель цифровой зрелости, цифровизация, оценка готовности перехода. Цитирование: Орлова Н.А. Подходы к оценке готовности малых производственных предприятий к цифровой экономике//Вестник университета. 2020. № 2. С. 26-34.Abstract. One of the most relevant issues in the development of enterprises is their adaptation in the context of the transition to the digital economy. Despite the fact that today the speed of digital transformation of many Russian companies is much lower than in whole the world, digitalization has a number of undeniable advantages. An analysis of existing approaches to digital maturity assessment is one of the first steps on the way to the transition of the enterprise to Industry 4.0. The main approaches to the assessing the readiness of enterprises to the digital economy have been considered. Their comparative analysis has been carried out, applicability and advantages of these approaches as the basis for the development and scaling of small manufacturing enterprises have been evaluated.

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