-Context -The western dietary pattern is characterized by a high calorie intake with a high proportion of simple sugars.This diet is associated with comorbidities such as hepatic fat deposition and is possibly related to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.Objective -To evaluate the capacity of a hyperglucidic diet to induce steatosis in adult male Wistar rats. After the administration of a carbohydrate-rich diet, we also evaluated the presence of hepatic and cardiac steatosis and the levels of intrinsic antioxidants in the liver. Methods -Forty-six eutrophic adult male Wistar rats were used and 10 of them were chosen, at random, to serve as controls, while the remaining ones formed the experimental group. Control animals received the standard ration offered by the animal house and the experimental group received the hyperglucidic diet. The diets were offered for 21 days and, at the end of this period, tissue samples were collected for analysis of indicators of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, and reduced glutathione) and of vitamin E. The animals were then sacrificed by decapitation and their viscera were removed for analysis of liver and heart fat. Results -The hyperglucidic diet used induced hepatic fat deposition, with lipid vacuoles being detected in 83% of the livers analyzed by histology.No lipid vacuoles were observed in the heart. Malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione levels remained unchanged when the animals were submitted to the hyperglucidic diet, probably because there was no liver development of fibrosis or inflammation. In contrast, the levels of vitamin E (antioxidant) were reduced, as confirmed in the literature for steatotic animals. Conclusion -The hyperglucidic diet induced hepatic steatosis. In the heart there was an increase in fat content, although no histological changes were observed. These alterations cannot be explained by the presence of malondialdehyde or reduced glutathione (indicators of oxidation), since the values were similar in the groups studied. However, a significant reduction of vitamin E was observed in the experimental group.
This study investigates the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in rats with choline and fructooligosaccharide (FOS). The healthy control group received standard diet. The other three groups consisted of animals with NAFLD. Group Estr received standard diet; group Echo received standard diet plus choline (3 g/100 g diet); and group Efos received standard diet plus FOS (10 g/100 g diet). Food intake, weight, urinary nitrogen, urinary ammonia, total cholesterol, serum triacylglyceride, liver and heart weights, tissue nitrogen, tissue fat, vitamin E, TBARS, and reduced glutathione (GSH) were measured in hepatic and heart tissue. Choline and FOS treatments resulted in total mean fat reduction in liver and heart tissue of 0.2 and 1.7 g, respectively. Both treatments were equally effective in reducing hepatic and cardiac steatosis. There were no differences in the TBARS level among experimental and control groups, indicating that the proposed treatments had no added protection against free radicals. While all experimental groups had increased vitamin E and GSH levels, choline treatment led to a significant increase compared to control.
A incidência de hipertensão arterial no recém-nascido a termo varia entre 0,2 a 3%. A magnitude deste intervalo reflete a dificuldade de definir a hipertensão neonatal decorrente dos fatores: ausência de estudos prospectivos de larga escala que determinem valores de referência universalmente aceitos, variabilidade das técnicas e condições de medição da pressão arterial e influência nos valores normais de pressão arterial da idade gestacional, peso à nascença, sexo, antecedentes patológicos e o uso de medicações maternas. Objetivos: Obter percentis de pressão arterial sistólica, diastólica e média em neonatos saudáveis a termo , entre a 1ª e a 2ª hora de vida, utilizando um dispositivo oscilométrico de aferição, calculando uma escala de pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica média ao nascer; além de correlacionar o valor da pressão arterial com peso ao nascimento, idade gestacional, sexo e via de parto. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo prospectivo de coorte de dados de prontuários do Hospital Santa Lúcia - Brasília/DF. A aferição da PA foi executada entre os primeiros 15 e 30 minutos de vida através da oscilometria automática MX-600 GE, seguindo protocolo padrão de assistência do hospital. Foram incluídos RNs a termo, sem patologias, que não necessitaram de internação na unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal. Os critérios de Exclusão foram recém nascidos prematuros ou a termo que evoluíram com desconforto respiratório que necessitaram de internação e portadores de malformações maiores. Resultados: Foram avaliadas as aferições de 800 neonatos. A via preferencial de parto na amostra estudada foi a cesárea, 85,8% dos partos, e o sexo masculino foi o mais prevalente 50,9%. As médias obtidas foram de 64,89 ± 10,7 mmHg para a pressão arterial sistólica e 37,60 ± 11,7 no sexo masculino e 66,46 ± 10,9 PA sistólica e 39,52 ± 12,3 PA diastólica para feminino. A frequência cardíaca média foi de 152,86 ± 13,5 bpm masculino e 155,56 ± 12,8 feminino. Além disso, 85,1% dos RN foram classificados como adequados para idade gestacional e 97,9% das aferições foram realizadas no membro superior direito. Conclusões: O presente estudo apesar das limitações de a não aferição por um mesma pessoa, ter uma proporção tão grande de RN nascidos de parto cesáreo que podem interferir na hemodinâmica fetal, fortalece o cuidado neonatal uma vez que permite a segurança deconhecer uma curva nacional de pressão arterial e frequência cardíaca semelhante a curvas americanas e europeias.
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