An experiment was conducted to determine whether some non-nutritive feed additives (NNFA) could block the adverse effects of aflatoxin (AF) on growth performance and physiological parameters of Cobb broilers throughout the period from 1 to 21 day of age. There were eight treatments consisting of two levels of AF at 0 and 200 ppb and four NNFA within each AF level. These additives included mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) at 2 g/kg diet, hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) at 2 g/kg diet and Lactobacillus acidophilus (Lac) at 2 g/kg diet. At 21 day of age, five chickens of each treatment were slaughtered to study dressing percentage and relative weight of inner organs and glands. AF had a significant negative effect on body weight gain (BWG), and feed intake, while impairing feed conversion ratio (FCR). Aflatoxin significantly increased percentage liver, lymphocyte (%), monocyte (%), serum triglyceride level, and the aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), concentrations while decreasing dressing percentage, intestinal percentage, white blood cells (WBCs), red blood cells (RBCs), haemoglobin (Hgb), packed cell volume (PCV), heterophil (%), heterophil/lymphocyte ratio, total serum protein and serum albumin. Aflatoxin adversely affected the morphology of the liver, bursa and the thymus. There was a significant interaction between AF and NNFA on the relative weights of liver, heart and intestine. Lac completely blocked the negative effects of AF on the percentage liver and the heart and partially on the intestine. In conclusion, Lac was most effective in reversing the adverse effects of AF on growth and FCR and on the percentage, functions and morphology of the liver. Hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate also improved the economic traits of broilers but was less effective than Lac and more effective than MOS.

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Plasma levels of creatinine are related to the relative muscles mass, the rate of creatine turnover and the renal function. It has been accepted for years that the plasma level of creatinine is relatively un affected by the diet. However, some reports have indicated that the protein content of the diet may be indeed affect the plasma level of creatinine if it affects the individuals muscles mass. This a primary study that aims to detect rough estimation of serum creatinine in normal Sudanese athletes and soldiers. In addition to detect weather creatinine level is associated by gender, age, daily working hours or occupation of study population. Hundred (49 soldiers: 51 athletes) normal individuals from Khartoum state invited to take a role in this study (75 male: 25 female) their age was between 14-44 years. At P ≤ 0.05 this study showed no significant differences (P 0.772) in creatinine concentration with mean ± SD (1.07 ± 0.11, 1.12 ± 0.17 mg/dl) for soldiers and athletes respectively. There was no signifigant difference in creatinine concentration either between both sexes male: female (1.1 ± 0.16: 1.1 ± 0.12), or between different occupations soldiers: athletes (1.07 ± 0.11: 1.12 ± 0.17). But there was significant difference (Chi 0.027) in creatinine concentration (0.5, 1.0, 1.5) for (14-24, 25-34, 35-44) age groups respectively. Serum creatinine was not associated with daily working hours (ANOVA 0.18) with creatinine values (1.16, 1.01, 1.12, 1.13, 0.8) for weekly working hours (≤ 20, 21-40, 41-60, 61 -80, 81-100). Serum creatinine is not much different depending on the gender, individual occupation or daily working hours, weather they were soldiers or athletes, but it is influenced by age progress. Sudanese soldiers and Athletes creatinine level fell within the normal international range. Research with large data collection is recommended for establishment and localization normal range of biochemical parameters for sport medicine in Sudan.