Ulnar neuropathy at the elbow is a common disorder seen in the throwing athlete. The purpose of our study was to determine whether asymptomatic physically active volleyball players and non-actives demonstrate distinct differences in nerve conduction of the ulnar nerve at the elbow. Nerve conduction studies were performed on both arms of 24 male volleyball players and 24 male non-actives. Nerve conduction velocity at the above to below elbow segment of the ulnar motor nerve were slower in the volleyball players compared with controls and their non-dominant arms. There were no statistical differences in latencies and conduction velocity of the ulnar nerve on the forearm, both in volleyball players and in the controls. In the evoked responses of the ulnar nerve, the amplitude was the same as corresponding normal values in both sensory nerve and muscle action potentials. We conclude that abnormal ulnar (motor) nerve conduction at the elbow segment may suggest a subclinical entrapment neuropathy as a result of strenuous elbow movements in volleyball players.

Summary: The aim of this study was to assess the volume of the medial epicondyle and lateral epicondyle in comparison with the distal end of humerus volume in male and female elite athletes participating in an impact loading sport (volleyball). The volleyball group consisted of 17 female, aged 20.47 G 2.47 years (mean G SD), 16 male aged 21.68 G 3.47 years (mean G SD); training for about 8 hours/week. The control group consisted of 15 nonactive females aged 21.73 G 2.68 years (mean G SD) and 14 nonactive males aged 23.35 G 4.16 years (mean G SD). Anthropometric determinations (height, weight, limb length, girth of arm and forearm) were made on each subjects. Range of motion was evaluated by standard goniometric technique. Comparative plain films of both elbows were obtained in an anteroposterior projection. The volumes of the medial epicondyle and lateral epicondyle were determined by the principle of Cavalieri which is an effective stereologic volume calculation method. In the volleyball players, increased medial epicondyle volume was recorded in the dominant and nondominant arms as compared with the control subjects (P H 0.05). Wrist flexors are highly involved in spiking, blocking and serving in volleyball. In this study we founded volume of medial epicondyle which is the connection point of flexor muscle was increased because of loading.

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Therapie der ersten Wahl gemäß Leitlinie ist bei gewöhnlicher Skabies in Deutschland die topische Einmalbehandlung mit Permethrin 5 % Creme. In den letzten Jahren gab es im Zuge zunehmender Skabiesinzidenz vermehrt Meldungen über ein Nachlassen der Wirksamkeit der Standardtherapie. Ziel Um ein besseres Verständnis von der Wirksamkeit der Skabiestherapie unter Praxisbedingungen zu entwickeln, wurde eine Umfrage mit besonderem Fokus auf die Erstlinientherapie mit Permethrin in dermatologischen Kliniken, Ambulanzen und Hautarztpraxen durchgeführt. Methoden In der postalischen Umfrage unter allen in Deutschland dermatologisch tätigen Ärzten wurden die bevorzugten Diagnoseverfahren, die jeweilige Standardinitialbehandlung, die wahrgenommene Wirksamkeit der Permethrin-Therapie, die Häufigkeit und die Gründe für ein mögliches Therapieversagen unter Permethrin und das therapeutische Vorgehen bei Versagen der Initialtherapie erfragt. Ergebnisse Die Wirksamkeit von Permethrin wurde von 187 Ärzten im Mittel mit 73 % bewertet. Rund 74 % behandeln weiterhin initial topisch mit 5 %iger Permethrin-Creme. Die am häufigsten genannten Gründe für ein Therapieversagen waren Anwendungsfehler, mangelnde Compliance und unzureichende Hygienemaßnahmen. Daneben wurde der Verdacht auf nachlassende Wirksamkeit, Resistenzentwicklung und Re-Infestationen geäußert. Bei Unwirksamkeit der Initialtherapie entscheiden sich die meisten Ärzte für orales Ivermectin, eine Wiederholung der Permethrin-Therapie oder für eine Kombination aus beidem. Fazit Obwohl lokal begrenzt über ein Nachlassen der Wirksamkeit von Permethrin bei Skabies berichtet wird, deuten die Ergebnisse dieser Umfrage weiterhin auf eine gute Wirksamkeit der Erstlinientherapie mit Permethrin 5 % Creme in Deutschland hin.

Before and after the age of puberty the child's sporting events on a regular basis can provide a healthy development of the physical structure. In this study, by measuring the differences between the different categories determine the forces fighting claw infrastructure athletes, sports clubs who are struggling in different categories for the pursuit of physical development of infrastructure to benefit athletes, national and international athletes in the same age group, the other is intended to inform the people who study this issue by making a comparison.The research group, in the province of Kocaeli, Kocaeli Metropolitan Municipality Sports Club Stars and Little Girls Volleyball Teams in the paper used average age of the athletes (15.1 ± 0.73) and the 10 star girl athletes (12.6 ± 0.69), 10 Little girl are a total of 20 people, including athletes. The data corresponding to the children's training computer days, and by informing the application of the test by showing collected. Measurement hand dynamometer (hand grip) and realized. Subjects after a 15-minute warm-up, while standing arm twist the measurement without contact with the body and the arm was measured during 15 degree angle to the body. This was again the dominant hand two times and the highest value was used. Data analysis, SPSS 19 package program has been analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test, the mean and standard deviation values are measured. As a reference value P <0.05 was used. Girls 'volleyball team volleyball star claw forces people participated in the study (10), the mean and standard deviation (26.70 ± 3.29), little girls' volleyball team, contact (10), the mean and standard deviation (21.43 ± 5.53) and the p-value (0.011), respectively. A significant difference between the two groups were measured grip strength (P <0,05).Participated in the study, star volleyball player volleyball girls little appears to have higher values than girls. The reason for this, despite the star from being about the same as the entree out training plan to complete the development of volleyball in the muscular system so it is thought that these values are higher than the tiny volleyball.

ÖZETBu çalışmanın amacı, maksimal kuvvet antrenman yöntemlerinden tekrar yüklenme yöntemi (TYY) ve piramidal yüklenme yöntemlerinden (PYY) hangisinin voleybolcuların üst ekstremite performansında daha etkili olduğunu tespit etmektir. Çalışmaya (yaş; 22,18 ± 1,7) 16 erkek voleybol oyuncusu katılmıştır. Çalışmaya katılan sporcular aktif olarak voleybol sporu ile uğraşan fakat özel kuvvet antrenmanına tabii tutulmamış sporculardan seçilmiştir. Çalışmada sporcular sekizer kişilik iki gruba ayrılarak I. grup TYY ile II. grup ise PYY ile çalıştırılmıştır. Çalışmalar haftada 3 gün olmak üzere toplam 12 hafta devam etmiştir.Sporcuların yaş, boy, vücut ağırlığı, antropometrik ölçümleri (üst ekstremite uzunlukları ve alt ekstremite uzunlukları) ile bench press ve shoulder press aletlerinde maksimal kuvvet ölçümleri tek tekrar metoduna göre belirlenmiştir. Grupların homojenliği açısından, antrenman programı öncesi her iki grup arasında yaş, boy, vücut ağırlığı, alt, üst ekstremite uzunlukları ve bench press ve shoulder press ölçümleri yönünden anlamlı bir farklılık olmayan sporcular seçilmiştir (p>0,05). Her iki grupta da antrenman öncesi bench press ve shoulder press ölçümleri ile antrenman sonrası bench press ve shoulder press ölçümleri arasında anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Ayrıca iki grup arasında antrenman sonrası bench press ve shoulder press ölçümlerinde PYY'de artış yönünde anlamlı bir faklılık bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Sonuç olarak, seçilmiş bir ekleme yönelik kısa vadeli kas kuvvetini arttırmada PYY'nin daha etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. COMPARISION OF PYRAMIDAL AND REPETETIVE METHODS IN SELECTION OF A TRAINING PROGRAMME TO BE USED IN DEVELOPING MAXIMAL STRENGTH FOR VOLLEYBALLERS ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to investigate the comparisons of the volleyball players' maximal strenght developments by using pyramidal method (PM) and repetitive method (RM). Totally 16 male volleyball players (age mean; 22,18 ± 1,7) participated in this study. The participant players have been chosen from the ones who are actively engaged in volleyball but not subjected to any special power strenght trainings before. Volleyball players separated in two groups of 8 each and the first groups was worked RM and the second group was worked PM. This study continued three times per week for 12 weeks.In this study, the participants' age, height, weight, antropometric measurements (the lenghts of upper and lower extremity) and the maximal strenght measurements were determined with one repetition method carried on bench press and shoulder press machines. For the homogenity of the groups, sportsmen with no significant differences in terms of the age, height, weight, lower and upper extremity lenghts and pre-test of bench and shoulder press measurements (p>0,05) were chosen. For both of the two groups showed a significant difference between pre and post test measurements of bench press and shoulder press (p<0,05). Moreover, both of the two groups showed a positive significant difference for PM in the post-test bench and shoulde...