The election of regional heads is actually a place to take choices directly by the people or voters in the regions. But in fact, the choice of voters is much influenced, even manipulated by political brokers. This study was conducted to reveal the models of political brokers and their operating patterns in regional head elections in Indonesia. Political brokers have hijacked direct democracy in local elections. The regional head should have a direct contract with the voters, related to the work program at the time of contestation and accountability at the time of election. But the process was hijacked midway by political brokers. Political brokers have long operated in the process in Indonesia, both general elections, presidential elections, village head elections, and regional head elections. This research used descriptive qualitative method. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with informants who were directly involved in the regional head election. From the research conducted, it is found that political brokers in regional head elections in Indonesia are village heads, and community leaders. Political brokers perform their role in two ways. First, by giving money to the head of the electorate. The money comes from regional head candidates who are given by the winning team for regional head candidates for political brokers. The money given by regional head candidates to political brokers consists of money for own political broker and operational money, as well as money to be distributed to voters. Second, political brokers also act to intimidate, threaten and frighten potential voters, if they do not vote for candidates who are supported by political brokers.
The results of this research (2017) want to explain the correlation between happiness and religiosity for poor families. The locus of this research is in the city of Manado, North Sulawesi Province, Bandar Lampung City, Lampung Province, and Yogyakarta City in Yogyakarta Special Region Province. This research is important because there is an assumption in the community that even poor people who are religious are certainly not happy. This assumption is further answered in this study, where there is a positive and significant relationship between happiness and religiosity in poor families in Yogyakarta, but not for Manado and Bandar Lampung. The highest level of happiness is in the city of Yogyakarta and the highest level of religiosity is in the city of Manado. This difference occurs because the concept of happiness for religious poor families in Manado, Yogyakarta and Bandar Lampung has different point of view and has the unique itself.
Designing English content materials for Elementary students particularly second-third grade is important because it may be supported the goal of English teaching learning. This research done was based on the students' need, students' pre assessment, observation, students, teachers, and parents questionnaires, which have shown in the following activities: 1) second-third grade students are grouped in one class which means that they have different stage abilities of learning ; two) the students who are still in the lower grade ( second grade) struggles in grasping the materials ; 3) teachers need to provide various materials to facilitate the students in the learning process; 4) the existing-in use materials are designed for the higher grade (third grade) assuming they are eager to teach peers. The data analysis process required a number of steps that fulfilled the needs of all the participants involved, namely: Discussion with the school stakeholders, Semi-structured interviews with the target group teachers, Interviews with the target group students, and Open-ended, structured questionnaires for students. From the research, it was found that students feel difficult in teaching learning and it was too complicated materials. From the research interview, observation and questionnaire it can be analyzed that students are able only in speaking skill.
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