BACKGROUND: Anxiety disorder is one of the most common psychiatric problems. Prolonged stress gives rise to anxiety-like behavior in animals. Environmental interventions influence the outcome of anxiety treatment. Environmental enrichment (EE) can modulate brain’s structure and function. AIM: The objective of the study was to evaluate EE effects on anxiety-like behavior and corticosterone (CORT) level after unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS). METHODS: A total of 28 rats were assigned into four groups randomly: Control, UCMS, UCMS+EE, and UCMS+fluoxetine. UCMS, EE, and fluoxetine were given for 21 days. Anxiety behavior was measured on day 22nd using Elevated Plus Maze. Behavioral measurement was based on the total time spent and total entries onto open and closed arms. CORT was measured using ELISA. RESULTS: UCMS increased anxiety-like behavior as seen from reduced number of entries and time spent in open arms as well as increased number of entries and time spent in in closed arms in UCMS group than control. Rats in EE group spent more time and made more entries in the open arms than UCMS group (both p = 0.002). Anxiolytic effect of EE was stronger than fluoxetine. Plasma CORT level among groups did not differ significantly (p = 0.351). CONCLUSION: EE can ameliorate stress-induced anxiety-like behavior without affecting CORT level.

Background: Early childhood is the crucial period in forming children's learning modalities. Various innovations are carried out to optimize early childhood development. Studies on the early childhood development in the tahfidz program school in Indonesia are still few and limited. This study investigates the relationship between Quran memorization and early childhood development in six aspects: religious and moral values, physical-motoric, social-emotional, cognitive, linguistic, and art.Method: A total of 316 kindergarten children between the age of 60 to 84 months were involved in the study. The study consists of Group A (n = 155) with memorization of 0 up to 20 chapters, and Group B (n = 161) with minimum memorization was 21 up to 37 chapters. Data of Quran memorization and development aspects were obtained from the classroom teachers. The development aspects indicators including developed very well, developed as expected, starting to develop, and undeveloped. It was then converted and processed in the form of a rating scale. The analysis was carried out using the Mann-Whitney test. Group A showed better development outcomes in the mean ranks of each aspect than Group B.Result: Group A's early childhood development achievements were better than Group B. The childhood development comparison aspects between the two study groups showed religious and moral values (p=0.001), physical-motoric (p=0.001), social-emotional (p=0.001), cognitive (p=0.002), linguistic (p=0.045), and art (p=0.001). Meanwhile, there was no significant difference in comparing cognitive and linguistic aspects between boys and girls in each group (p>0.05).Conclusion: The study implication was focused on brain workload management strategies based on the neuroscience approach. Appropriate learning support and strategy are required for children with more Quran memorization to prevent disproportionate childhood development.

It is important to optimize working memory because it transforms, synergizes and constantly updates new and old information. One way to optimize working memory is to listen to Murottal Al-Qur'an, because it has a harmonious tone which can stabilize the mind to properly process the information. This study aims to determine the effect of listening to the Al-Quran murottal on working memory. The research subjects were 24 students of Psikologi 2017, grouped equally in the control and experimental groups. An experimental intervention was administered for 15 consecutive days lasting 15 minutes and 52 seconds. Measurements in working memory use Operation Span Task, Reading Span Task and Symmetry Span Task. The design of the study used a pre-test post-test control group and the data were analyzed by t-test. The results showed a significant difference between the control group and the experimental group on the symmetry span task subtest (p = 0.044, p <0.05).

Background: Anatomy is a very important basic science in medical education. However, the advance of science and technology affected medical curriculum. One of the changes is the decreased time available for anatomy learning. Therefore, an anatomy lecturer needs to sort and choose from many existing anatomical materials to adjust with time allocation. The purpose of this study is to gain consensus on what minimum anatomical knowledge is for a physician candidate in order to practice safely. Method: This study was design in qualitative approach with two round Delphi Technique. Using purposive sampling method, the subjects of the study were 20 general-physicians in Indonesia. The questionnare was arranged based on anatomy text book and the research about anatomic core syllabus. The firts Delphi aimed to select the anatomical course material and additional course material. The second Delphi round intended to provide level range from 1-4. The consensus level established by researcher at 60% point.Results: There is not any additional topics in the first Delphi round. So the number of first and second round topics is 270 topics. The Delphi second round agree that anatomic core syllabus of circulation system is 110 of 270 topics. There are 30 topics of cor, 3 topics of pericardium, 10 topics of mediastinum, 37 topics of artery, 9 topics of vena, 9 topics of lymphathic system, 4 topics of postnatal circulation, 5 topics of prenatal circulation, and 3 topics of portal hepatic system.Conclusion: The anatomy core syllabus consists of 110 of the 270 anatomical circulatory system topics.

<p>BACKGROUND<br />Stress is one of the factors that cause apoptosis in neuronal cells. Centella<br />asiatica has a neuroprotective effect that can inhibit apoptosis. This study<br />aimed to examine the effect of Centella asiatica ethanol extract on B-cell<br />lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) protein expression in the prefrontal cortex of rats.</p><p>METHODS<br />An experimental study was conducted on 34 brain tissue samples from male<br />Sprague Dawley rats exposed to chronic restraint stress for 21 days. The<br />samples were taken from following groups: non-stress group K, negative<br />control group P1 (stress + arabic gum powder), P2 (stress + C.asiatica at<br />150 mg/kgBW), P3 (stress + C.asiatica at 300 mg/kg BW), P4 (stress +<br />C.asiatica at 600 mg/kg body weight) and positive control group P5 (stress<br />+ fluoxetine at 10 mg/kgBW). The samples were made into sections that<br />were stained immunohistochemically using Bcl-2 antibody to determine the<br />percentage of cells expressing Bcl-2. Data were analyzed using one way<br />ANOVA test followed by a post - hoc test.</p><p>RESULTS<br />There were significant differences in mean Bcl-2 expression between the<br />groups receiving Centella asiatica compared with the non-stress group and<br />stress-only group (negative control group) (p&lt;0.05). The results were<br />comparable to those of the fluoxetine treatment group.</p><p>CONCLUSION</p><p>The Centella asiatica ethanol extract was able to increase Bcl-2 expression<br />in the prefrontal cortex of Sprague Dawley rats exposed to restraint stress.<br />This study suggests that Centella asiatica may be useful in the treatment of<br />cerebral stress.</p>