Burns are the most prevalent type of trauma in the world, and they have a high fatality rate. For cutaneous wound healing, modern and natural therapies, particularly probiotic supplements, have lately been considered. The goal of this study was to see how Lactiplantibacillus plantarum affected wound healing as well as the antibacterial activity of probiotic lactobacilli against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The glass slide method was used to assess anti-adhesion activity, and the HPLC method was used to quantify anti-adhesion chemicals in cell-free supernatant (CFS). MDR P. aeruginosa was administered subcutaneously directly on the burn after induction of second-degree wounds. Three groups of animals were created. Every day, the supernatants were sprayed for therapy, and the wound healing was monitored. Lactobacilli bacteria had good anti-adhesion effects on P. aeruginosa, according to our findings, and HPLC research revealed that their inhibitory effect could be attributable to four main organic acids: lactic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, and succinic acid. When the effect of treatments on fibroblastic cells was examined, it was discovered that the group treated with L. plantarum supernatants had the most fibroblastic cells when compared to the non-treated group. Furthermore, the bacteria increased the number of fibroblastic cells, re-epithelialization in the wound area, and the thickness of the epidermis and dermis layers. Lactobacilli bacteria's antimicrobial activity against MDR P. aeruginosa was determined by prevents infection. These findings revealed that L. plantarum can treat a P. aeruginosa infection in a second-degree burn and can significantly reduce inflammation.

Background:The prevalent emergence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, especially Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases (KPC) that causes infection associated with multidrug-resistant, is a major clinical and public health concern. Accurate and fast detection of carbapenemases is essential for effective infection control. Objectives: The aims of this study were the detection of blaKPC and blaGES genes with phenotypic and genotypic methods, evaluation of expression level of these genes in the presence and absence of β-lactam antibiotic, and determination of antibiotic resistance patterns among K. pneumoniae isolated at Firoozgar Hospital. Methods: One hundred and eighty-one K. pneumoniae strains were collected from patients presenting to Firoozgar Hospital of Tehran, Iran from March 2018 to December 2018. The strains were tested using the disk diffusion method, modified Hodge test (MHT), and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The presence of blaKPC and blaGES resistance genes was detected by RT-PCR.The blaKPC and blaGES genes expression level was measured by real-time PCR in the presence and absence of β-lactam antibiotic. Results:The results of this study showed the highest and lowest rates of resistance to cefepime and imipenem were 83.9% and 55.2%, respectively. 100 strains were positive as KPC-producing in MHT. Also, they exhibited resistance to imipenem by E-test. 51% and 49% of these 100 isolates were positive for blaKPC and blaGES genes, respectively. Real-time PCR assay showed the higher expression level of blaKPC (1.04 folds) and blaGES (12.21 folds) increase in resistant strains in the presence of imipenem. Conclusions: Due to the high resistance of K. pneumoniae isolates to common antibiotics, hence, there is an urge for revisiting the antibiotic therapy protocols for prevention and control of the spread of resistant bacteria.

Background:The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, especially Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC), has been recently reported worldwide. Therefore, there is an indispensable need for precise and rapid detection of these carbapenemases. Objectives: This study was aimed to propose an accurate and rapid method for detecting K. pneumoniae carbapenemase genes from clinical samples, using reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and to evaluate the expression of these genes in the presence of β-lactam antibiotic by real-time PCR assay. Methods: One hundred and eighty-one K. pneumoniae strains were collected from patients presenting to Firoozgar Hospital of Tehran, Iran. The strains were tested using the disk diffusion method, the modified Hodge test (MHT), and E-test minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Next, reverse transcription-PCR method was applied for the identification of bla OXA-23 and bla OXA-48 genes. Finally, expression of genes was measured by real-time PCR assay in the presence and absence of β-lactam antibiotic. Results:Phenotypic testing showed a high level of antibiotic resistance, while the genotypic methods indicated the presence and expression of carbapenemase genes. Conclusions: The findings suggest revisions in the current antibiotic therapy protocols, considering the high expression level of resistant carbapenemases to K. pneumoniae strains.

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