One of the factors limiting the growth of wheat productivity in Zauralye is the crop infection with leaf-stem diseases, which regularly occur three times in ten years, reducing the harvest on 5 to 30%. In 2015–2017 only two spring soft wheat varieties “Radu­ga” (Kurgan RIA) and “Uralosibirskaya” (SibRIA) (on 8–9% of the total area) out of 17 regionalized ones showed high tolerance to epiphytoty of brown and stem rust. The genetic collections of domestic and foreign origin have been used to develop new varieties. On the epiphytotic background there were identified varieties and samples with effective resistance genes. There has been conduct­ed a target selection in the hybrid populations. There have been estimated morphologically aligned lines for reproduction. For the fast development of new varieties, there has been suggested stable and tolerant to the diseases, adaptive to local conditions initial material, namely the varieties “Sigma”, “Pamyati Leontieva”, “Boevchanka”, “Favorit”, “Novosibirskaya 31”, “Ingala”, “Sudarynia”, “Gerakl”, “Uralosibirskaya”, “Raduga” taken in the collection nursery; and the varieties and lines “Lutescens 120”, “Novosibirskaya 18”, “Rodnik”, “Lutescens 27-12”, “Lutescens 248/05-3”, “LD 25”, “Lutescens 34/08-19”, “Element 22”, “Lutescens 6/04-4” taken in the nursery of the Kazakh-Siberian Spring Wheat Improvement Network (KSSWIN). There have been identified 1340 highly productive lines out of 57 hybrid populations resistant to a wide range of brown rust types, including the virulent type Ug99. The 5 lines from the Siberian Breeding Nursery (SPCS) with complex resistance to brown and stem rust, powdery mildew and 6 varieties with the identified resistance genes to stem rust Sr31, Sr25 are of particular interest. The studied material is included in the breeding process.

Abstract. The purpose of the research is the reaction of spring soft wheat varieties to dry phenomena during the growing season in the forest-steppe zone of the Trans-Urals. Methods. The material was 24 varieties of various biotypes for maturation from the nursery of the competitive variety testing of the Kurgan Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences. Results. The negative effect of the drought reduced the yield in the experiments by 11.9 c/ha, the weight of 1000 grains by 5.7 g, and the nature by 19.7 g/l. The influence of grain size on the yield both in favorable years and in years of drought was noted (r = 0.63…0.98). In arid conditions, vitreous is correlated with yield, 1000 grain weight, in kind, to a lesser extent with gluten content, bread volume, and “flour strength”. The lack of moisture during the grain filling period increased the gluten content by 3.4 %, the quality by 15.1 e. p. IDC, the flour strength by 102.7 e. a., the volume of bread by 106 g/l. In favorable years, the weight of 1000 grains and the vitreous content of the grain correlate with gluten (r = 0.44; r = 0.24–0.84). Indicators of productivity and physical properties of grain increase when sowing at the optimal time, with a certain decrease in the gluten content (by 1.2 %), flour strength (by 5.3 e. a.), bread volume (by 73.2 e. p.). In the early sowing period, moisture deficiency reduces the indicators for all varieties Under these conditions, early-maturing varieties form a larger grain both when sowing at an early time (29.0 g) and when sowing at the optimal (31.3 g). In a drought, the role of the variety is especially high. High drought resistance was shown by the Zauralochka variety of the Kurgan Research Institute of Agriculture, which successfully passed the test in the dry years (2012, 2020) in the GSI system and in the environmental test (KASIB). The yield of the drought-resistant variety Zauralochka on average for the HSU was 20.2 c/ha, exceeding the standard Hercules by 2.2 c/ha. Scientific novelty. The features of the influence of dry phenomena on the yield and the main indicators of the quality of varieties are revealed, the correlation between them is determined. According to drought resistance, a variety of spring soft wheat Zauralochka was selected.

The work was carried out in 2019 in five ecological points of Kurgan region: at Kurgan Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture and at 4 state-owned sections (Belozerskiy, Polovinskiy, Kurtamyshskiy, Dalmatovskiy). The purpose of the research is to identify varieties with high productivity and ecological plasticity for use in crosses when creating new highly productive spring wheat varieties. We tested 26 varieties of various biotypes with a growing season from 70 (Novosibirskaya 16) to 92 (Lider 80) days. Plant height ranged from 65 to 110 cm. The best in yield in the early ripening group (29.5 ... 30.3 c/ha) were Omskaya 36, Tarskaya 12, Extra; mid-season (32.6 ... 32.9 kg/ha) - Heracles Icarus, Zauralskaya volna; medium-late (36.6 ... 37.4 kg / ha) - Bulyak, KVS Buran, KVS 240-3-13. Dusty smut (defeat 27 ... 30%) was observed in Silach, Raduga, KVS Torridon varieties. High resistance to stress (U2-U1 = -8.6 ... -11.6) was found in the genotypes Zauralochka, Tarskaya 12, Zauralskaya volna, low (-20.3 ... -28.0) Lider 80, Novosibirskaya 16, Bulyak. The most stable under changing growing conditions were Zauralochka variety samples (V = 11.8%; Hom = 29.4), Zauralskaya wave (V = 16.3%; Hom = 17.4), and Raduga (V = 16%; Hom = 17.7%). Low ductility at the level of bi = 0.31 ... 087 was recorded in the varieties Zauralochka, Novosibirskaya 16, Tarskaya 12, Omskaya 36, Boevchanka, Zauralskaya volna. Varieties KVS Torridon, Raduga, KVS Buran, KVS Jetstream, Krasnozerka, Zauralskaya zhemchuzhina, Lutetsiya, KVS 240-3-13 can be grown on an intensive background (σd2 = 0.6 ... 5.0). Raduga variety formed a consistently high productivity in different growing conditions. According to a set of indicators and related calculations, it is recommended to use the following varieties combining yield with ecological plasticity parameters for inclusion in the system of crosses: early ripening - Extra, Tarskaya 12; mid-season - Hercules, Icarus, Lutetsiya; medium-late - KVS 240-3-1, Bulyak, KVS Buran.

Для обоснования расширения посевов озимой пшеницы в Зауралье проведено изучение температурного режима, влагообеспеченности, набора сортов, дана оценка параметров урожайности, экологической стабильности, пластичности, изучены элементы сортовой агротехники. Основным критерием возделывания озимой пшеницы было отсутствие за последние 10 лет критически низких температур на уровне узла кущения в осенне-зимний период и возврата холодов весной в период отрастания. Наибольшее значение имеет соотношение температур и высоты снежного покрова в ноябре, что влияет на степень сохранности посевов от вымерзания. В опытах высота снежного покрова без кулис в ноябре составляла 0–25 см, в марте — 0–40 см. Высокая зимостойкость отмечена у хорошо раскустившихся растений с мощной корневой системой. Среди сортов в коллекции выявлены наиболее отзывчивые на улучшение условий среды: Башкирская 11 (bi=1,13), Новоершовская (bi=1,19), Nausel (bi=1,27), они относятся к интенсивным, способным формировать высокую урожайность в благоприятных условиях. Сорта Волжская качественная и Омская озимая менее отзывчивы, что свойственно экстенсивным и полуинтенсивным сортам. Показатель пластичности сортов Изаура и КП-134-3 (bi=0,97–1,05) указывает на соответствие урожайности изменениям условий выращивания. К пластичным и стабильным отнесены сорта курганской селекции Альбина 45, Умка, Изаура, КП-134-3, а также Волжская качественная, Омская озимая, Колос Оренбуржья. Способны сформировать хорошее зерно в любых условиях Омская озимая, Умка, Изаура, Альбина 45, КП-134-3. По показателю массы зерна с колоса все сорта отнесены к стабильным (Sd2<1): они формировали 28–38 зёрен в колосе независимо от условий возделывания. В ведущих хозяйствах Курганской области разрабатываются элементы современных агротехнологий, наиболее эффективные в нашей зоне рискованного земледелия. To increase field area occupied by winter wheat in Trans-Urals the investigation was conducted testing temperature, water availability, different varieties, plant yield, ecological stability, plasticity, and cultivation practices. The absence of extremely low crown temperatures in autumn-winter and cold weather in spring for the last 10 years ensured effective wheat growth and development. Temperature and snow depth in November directly influence plant resistance to freezing. Snow depth in November was 0–25 cm, in March — 0–40 cm. Plants with numerous tillers and heavy root systems tolerated winter very well. Such varieties as “Bashkirskaya 11” (bi=1.13), “Novoershovskaya” (bi=1.19), and Nausel (bi=1.27) performed the best. They were able to produce high yields under intensive cultivation. “Volzhskaya kachestvennaya” and “Omskaya ozimaya” varieties showed lower productivity which was typical for genotypes used for extensive and semi-intensive cultivation. Plasticity of “Izaura” and “KP-134-3” genotypes (bi=0.97–1.05) is related to an ability to adapt to environmental changes. “Albina 45”, “Umka”, “Izaura”, “KP-134-3”, “Volzhskaya kachestvennaya”, “Omskaya ozimaya”, and “Kolos Orenburzhya” had high plasticity and stability. Such varieties as “Omskaya ozimaya”, “Umka”, “Izaura”, “Albina 45”, and “KP-134-3” could produce high-quality grain under various conditions. All the varieties consistently formed 28–38 grains per ear (Sd2<1) regardless of cultivation conditions.