Reaction of spring soft wheat to drought in the forest-steppe of the Trans-Urals

Abstract

Abstract. The purpose of the research is the reaction of spring soft wheat varieties to dry phenomena during the growing season in the forest-steppe zone of the Trans-Urals. Methods. The material was 24 varieties of various biotypes for maturation from the nursery of the competitive variety testing of the Kurgan Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences. Results. The negative effect of the drought reduced the yield in the experiments by 11.9 c/ha, the weight of 1000 grains by 5.7 g, and the nature by 19.7 g/l. The influence of grain size on the yield both in favorable years and in years of drought was noted (r = 0.63…0.98). In arid conditions, vitreous is correlated with yield, 1000 grain weight, in kind, to a lesser extent with gluten content, bread volume, and “flour strength”. The lack of moisture during the grain filling period increased the gluten content by 3.4 %, the quality by 15.1 e. p. IDC, the flour strength by 102.7 e. a., the volume of bread by 106 g/l. In favorable years, the weight of 1000 grains and the vitreous content of the grain correlate with gluten (r = 0.44; r = 0.24–0.84). Indicators of productivity and physical properties of grain increase when sowing at the optimal time, with a certain decrease in the gluten content (by 1.2 %), flour strength (by 5.3 e. a.), bread volume (by 73.2 e. p.). In the early sowing period, moisture deficiency reduces the indicators for all varieties Under these conditions, early-maturing varieties form a larger grain both when sowing at an early time (29.0 g) and when sowing at the optimal (31.3 g). In a drought, the role of the variety is especially high. High drought resistance was shown by the Zauralochka variety of the Kurgan Research Institute of Agriculture, which successfully passed the test in the dry years (2012, 2020) in the GSI system and in the environmental test (KASIB). The yield of the drought-resistant variety Zauralochka on average for the HSU was 20.2 c/ha, exceeding the standard Hercules by 2.2 c/ha. Scientific novelty. The features of the influence of dry phenomena on the yield and the main indicators of the quality of varieties are revealed, the correlation between them is determined. According to drought resistance, a variety of spring soft wheat Zauralochka was selected.

Evaluation of milk yield of Three-breed (1/4 Caucasian grey x 1/4 Jersey x 1/2 Holstein) genotype cows under conditions of manger-pasture keeping

“…The duration of the manger period of the cows was 195 days, the pasture period was 170 days, they started using the nearby pastures from April 15 to June 1, after which they were moved to the Elija field of Geghama mountains, which is at an altitude of 2300 m above sea level. From September 1 to October 1, they were kept in nearby community pastures, as well as in the manger [6][7][8][9].…”

Technology of raising breeding replacement stock of the Fleckvieh breed

“…The use of compound feeds at an early age contributes to the development of incisors and the cessation of breastfeeding relatively earlier. Feed components used for feeding calves as a percentage per 1 kg: barley 24, oats 15, rye 15, rapeseed meal 18, feed beans 15, wheat cuts 10, crude protein 183 g/kg, 11.1 MJ of exchange energy [7,6,11].…”

Comparative analysis of segetal vegetation in different climatic zones of the Northern Trans-Urals

“…On the territory of the Tyumen region, a description of the segetal vegetation is presented in terms of quantitative and species composition, depending on the varieties of spring wheat and tillage. Agrophytocenoses are mainly infested with Atriplex patula, Chenopodium album, Echinochloa crusgalli, Eqisetum arvense, Galium aparine, Stellaria media, and Thlaspi arvense, in the amount of 40 to 56 pcs/m 2 [4,5]. Segetal (weedy) species are not included in the "formations" of cultivated plants but are considered as largely autonomous phenomena associated primarily with the nature of the soil.…”