The objective of the present study was to characterize the specific features of corpse putrification under the influence of necrobiome enzymatic systems depending on the duration of the post-mortem period. We present the results of investigations into the enzymatic activity of the dominant species of microorganisms making up the post-mortem microbiome. The domestic pork carcasses weighing 50-70 kg were used as an experimental putrification model. The study revealed the characteristic features of protein decomposition under the influence of proteolytic enzymes of pseudomonads, bacilli, and clostridia, such as alteration in the amount of necrobionts producing proteases in the entire carcass and its fragments during biodegradation in the air over 30 and 136 days of the post-mortem period. A series of experiments designed to evaluate the effectiveness of protein hydrolysis by necrobionts have demonstrated the dependence of the rate of biodegradation on the environmental temperature, duration of the putrification pocess, and the species composition of the necrobiome.

No abstract

Аннотация. В статье обобщены данные о микроорганизмах, участвующих в процессе разложения трупа Sus scrofa domesticus L., использованного в качестве модели для изучения биологических особенностей механизмов гниения. Представлены результаты по распространению, обилию и разнообразию микромицетов и бактерий, обнаруженных на фрагментах трупа и ложа. Показан потенциал использования микроорганизмов и результатов микробной деструкции органики для определения давности наступления смерти в позднем постмортальном периоде. В частности, установлено, что с увеличением срока разложения трупа снижается видовое разнообразие сообщества бактерий и увеличивается численность отдельных жизненных форм.Ключевые слова: микрофлора трупа, разложение, гниение, аммонификация, давность наступления смерти.

The article considers matters relating to the advanced research in plant biotechnology as the field of applied sciences accumulated the latest achievements of biological sciences and technologies; the results of studies on the diversity of bioengineering approaches for creation of producers of biologically active substances are summarized. In the context of plant biotechnology, specific methods for introducing the tissues of Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneid into culture were tested. A series of experiments were conducted to provide examples of modifying the composition of culture medium in order to obtain the primary callus. The dependence between the concentration of phytohormones in the medium and the peculiarity of callus formation from explants was established. The maximum size explant reaching 10.3 mm was obtained by using the medium with auxins 2.4-D and IAA in concentration range of 0.5-1 mg/l and 1-5 mg/l, respectively. It is suggested that the variability of Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneid stem tissues in their ability to form callus may be associated with changes in directions of metabolic pathways in plants.