Hypertension alters the expression of RANK, RANKL, and OPG and delays the socket bone healing process. These alterations could influence some dental procedures such as orthodontic treatment and implant placement.

Hypertension is one of the most important public health problems worldwide. If undiagnosed or untreated, this pathology represents a systemic risk factor and offers unfavorable conditions for dental treatments, especially those requiring bone healing.Objectives The purpose of this study was to demonstrate, by analysis of bone mineral density (BMD), that the alveolar bone healing process is altered in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Material and Methods Wistar rats and SHRs were submitted to extraction of the upper right incisor and were euthanized 7, 14, 21, 28 and 42 days after surgery. Right maxillae were collected, radiographed and analyzed using Digora software. BMD was expressed as minimum (min), middle (med) and maximum (max) in the medium (MT) and apical (AT) thirds of the dental alveolus. ResultsThe results were compared across days and groups. Wistar showed difference in med and max BMD in the MT between 7 and 28 and also between 14 and 28 days. The AT exhibited significant difference in med and min BMD between 7 and 28 days, as well as difference in min BMD between 28 and 42 days. SHRs showed lower med BMD in the MT at 28 days when compared to 21 and 42 days. Differences were observed across groups in med and min BMD at day 28 in the MT and AT; and in max BMD at 14, 21 and 42 days in the MT. Conclusions These results suggest that the alveolar bone healing process is delayed in SHRs comparing with Wistar rats.

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Hypertension is a multifactorial condition with high rates of complications such as cardiovascular and renal diseases, making it a worldwide public health concern. This disease alters calcium regulation by inducing bone loss, which is limited by anti-hypertensive drugs. One such drug, losartan, inhibits angiotensin II (Ang II) AT1 receptors. The aim of this study was to compare the process of alveolar repair in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar rats, and to assess the effect of losartan on bone dynamics. Treated and untreated rats underwent dental extraction of the upper right incisor and were euthanized 7, 14, or 28 days after surgery. Alveolar repair was then analyzed histomorphometrically and immunohistochemically by measuring proteins involved in bone metabolism. Data were analyzed using the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by the Mann Whitney test for comparison of samples at different times. Alveolar repair was slow in SHRs, while losartan increased bone formation and trabecular thickness in both SHRs and Wistars. Because the analyzed proteins are found in dynamic bone, it is suggested that losartan interferes with the actions of angiotensin II and the renin-angiotensin system and limits bone metabolism.